中国安全科学学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 175-180.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.02.030

• 公共安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

化工企业多米诺事故安全屏障优化布置

徐安琦1,2, 钱一潇1,2, 钱瑜**1,2 教授   

  1. 1 污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,江苏 南京 210023;
    2 南京大学 环境学院,江苏 南京 210023
  • 收稿日期:2017-10-25 修回日期:2017-12-30 出版日期:2018-02-28 发布日期:2020-11-17
  • 通讯作者: ** 钱瑜(1969—),女,江苏常州人,博士,教授,主要从事环境影响评价,生态规划,环境风险,环境管理手段等方面的研究。E-mail:yqian@nju.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:徐安琦 (1993—),女,江苏常州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为多米诺风险。 E-mail: js_jt_angel_xu@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助(71573116)。

Study on optimal layout of barriers against domino effects in chemical enterprise

XU Anqi1,2, QIAN Yixiao1,2, QIAN Yu1,2   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,Nanjing Jiangsu 210023,China;
    2 College of Environment,Nanjing University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210023,China
  • Received:2017-10-25 Revised:2017-12-30 Online:2018-02-28 Published:2020-11-17

摘要: 为应对化工企业生产过程和日常仓储中重大危险源过于集中而导致多米诺事故频发的现状,研究优化布置安全屏障以预防扩展事故的方法。首先,以池火灾为初始事故,识别二次事故计算扩展概率;然后,兼顾安全屏障损坏的可能以及安全屏障对减弱热辐射物理效应的作用,评估安全屏障作用于危险源的效果;其次,通过构建优化决策模型,求解总成本有限条件下,研究范围内发生多米诺事故概率最小的安全屏障设置方案;最后,以某蛋氨酸生产企业为例,通过模型计算求得其最优的安全屏障设置方案。结果证实合理布置安全屏障能够有效阻止多米诺事故的发生。

关键词: 安全屏障, 多米诺效应, 优化决策, 危险源, 火灾, 化工企业

Abstract: Seeing that over-concentrated risk sources involved in production process and storage have resulted in frequent occurrence of domino accidents, the authors of this paper started studying optimization of the layout of barriers for the purpose of preventing accident expansion. On the basis of starting a pool fire as the primary accident, possible secondary accidents were screened and their extending probabilities were calculated. Taking into account the possible failure of barriers and their effectiveness in reducing thermal radiation when operating successfully, the effects of barriers acting on the risk sources were quantitatively assessed. With all the calculation results obtained, a decision model was built for solving the problem of how to set barriers at limited cost for a given enterprise in order that the probabilities of domino accidents can be minimized. Finally, by using the model, an optimal safety barriers layout scheme was designed for a factory producing methionine taken as an example. This study proves that reasonable arrangement of safety barrier can prevent domino accident effectively.

Key words: safety barrier, domino effect, optimize decision making, source of risk, fire, chemical enterprise

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