中国安全科学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 200-206.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.02.027

• 职业卫生 • 上一篇    

基于累积接尘量的尘肺病风险评估方法

张鸽()   

  1. 国家卫生健康委 职业安全卫生研究中心,北京 102308
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-10 修回日期:2022-01-07 出版日期:2022-08-18 发布日期:2022-08-28
  • 作者简介:

    张 鸽 (1986—),女,吉林白山人,硕士,副主任医师,主要从事职业安全健康法规标准、健康促进、职业病危害评价咨询、卫生管理等方面的研究工作。E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家卫生健康委职业安全卫生研究中心重点项目(2020015)

Pneumoconiosis risk assessment method based on cumulative dust exposure

ZHANG Ge()   

  1. National Center for Occupational Safety and Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 102308, China
  • Received:2021-11-10 Revised:2022-01-07 Online:2022-08-18 Published:2022-08-28

摘要:

为了降低不同接尘经历劳动者的尘肺病风险,提出一种尘肺病风险评估方法。先进行粉尘种类识别、工作场所粉尘接触评估、劳动者累积接尘量评估,并确定粉尘与尘肺病风险的剂量-反应关系,进而将劳动者累积患病率的现值和增量值作为尘肺病风险评估指标,评估劳动者当前尘肺病风险、继续接尘后尘肺病风险、尘肺病风险增量、尘肺病风险增长率;最后以15名采煤工人为例,运用该评估方法评估其尘肺病风险。结果表明:该方法直观、有效;劳动者患尘肺病的风险随着累积接尘量增加而单调增加;累积接尘量越少,防尘干预降低尘肺病相对风险的效果越明显。

关键词: 累积接尘量, 剂量-反应关系, 尘肺病, 风险评估, 不确定性

Abstract:

In order to reduce the risk of pneumoconiosis for workers with different dust exposure experiences, a risk assessment method was proposed. Firstly, dust types were identified, and dust exposure in workplace and cumulative dust exposure of workers were evaluated, and dose-response relationship between dust and pneumoconiosis risk were determined. Then, current pneumoconiosis risk, risk after a period of continued exposure to dust, increase of such risk, and its growth rate were assessed by using current values and increment values of cumulative prevalence as risk assessment indexes. Finally, with 15 coal miners as examples, pneumoconiosis risk assessment was carried out by utilizing the assessment method. The results show that the proposed method is intuitive and effective. And pneumoconiosis risk monotonously increases along with the cumulative dust exposure. The smaller the exposure is, the more obvious effect of dust prevention intervention measures will have in reducing relative risk.

Key words: cumulative dust exposure, dose-response relationship, pneumoconiosis, risk assessment, uncertainty