对安全科学研究对象的探讨

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.01.0124

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究实践视角下安全科学适宜的研究对象,基于逻辑分析和演绎推理方法,构造评判学科研究对象的6个标准,分析11种主要观点的提出预设与优缺点,论证实践中事故是安全科学合适的研究对象。结果表明:实践中研究对象应具备独特性、清晰性、概括性、全面性、成熟性、演绎性的特征;主要观点均无法满足实践中学科研究对象应具备的特性;事故明确定义的提出使大安全观的需求得到解决;安全科学的本质问题是事故预防。

关键词: 安全科学, 研究对象, 事故, 研究预设, 实践视角

Abstract:

In order to explore the appropriate research object of safety science from a perspective of practice, based on the methods of logical analysis and deductive reasoning, six criteria were constructed to evaluate the research object of the discipline. And on the basis of analysing the presuppositions, advantages and disadvantages of 11 main views, it was argued that accident is the appropriate research object of safety science from the perspective of practice. The results show that the research object in practice should have the characteristics of uniqueness, clarity, generalization, comprehensiveness, maturity and deducibility. The main views can not meet these characteristics of the research object that should be met in practice. The proposal of a clear definition of accident solves the demand for the concept of general safety. The essential problem of safety science is accident prevention.

Key words: safety science, research object, accident, research presupposition, practical perspective

中图分类号:

X91安全科学基础理论

李啸, 傅贵. 对安全科学研究对象的探讨[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(1): 35-42.

LI Xiao, FU Gui. Studies on research objects of safety science[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(1): 35-42.

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类型	研究对象
逆向(负面事件、非安全状态)	事故、灾事、安全问题、风险、危险源、危险源+隐患+事故
正向(本原安全)	安全、安全-I、安全-II、安全-III、安全现象
中性(系统)	人-机-环系统、危险源-目标系统

安全科学的研究对象	提出者	研究预设
人-机-环系统	库尔曼^[3]	事前控制、系统综合防治、安全技术
风险、危险源	MISUMI等^[13];刘雪涛^[14]	危险源辨识、风险控制、定性定量
灾事	吕保和^[11]	大安全观、共性问题、避免人受危害
安全问题	张景林等^[1]	大安全观、共性问题、避免人受危害
安全现象	吴超等^[12]	本原安全、安全科学学、安全系统思想
安全	刘潜^[8]	本原安全、积极动态研究、安全系统思想
安全-I	AVEN^[10]	本原安全、风险视角、不确定性
安全-II	HOLLNAGEL^[5]	本原安全、积极动态研究
安全-III	LEVESON^[9]	本原安全、系统安全方法、危险源控制
危险源+隐患+事故	许铭等^[15]	隐患排查治理、全过程管理
危险源-目标系统	GE Ji等^[16]	系统思维、MADS模型、H-B-T模型

主要观点	独特性	清晰性	概括性	全面性	成熟性	演绎性
人-机-环系统	×	√	√	√	√	×
风险、危险源	√	×	√	√	√	√
灾事	√	×	√	√	×	√
安全问题	√	×	√	×	×	×
安全现象	√	×	√	√	√	√
安全	√	×	√	√	√	√
安全-I	√	×	√	√	√	√
安全-II	√	×	√	×	×	√
安全-III	√	×	√	√	√	√
危险源+隐患+事故	√	×	√	×	√	×
危险源-目标系统	√	×	√	√	√	√