风险感知对地下洞室群施工人员安全认知的作用机制

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.03.1121

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高地下洞室群施工人员的安全认知水平,引入安全需求和安全能力作为中介变量,职业倦怠作为调节变量,构建一个有调节的链式中介模型。采用风险感知、安全需求、安全能力、职业倦怠以及安全认知5种量表设计结构化问卷,以312名地下洞室群施工人员为研究对象进行问卷调查和数据分析,并运用SPSS 26.0和AMOS 26.0软件进行中介效应和调节效应的检验。结果表明:风险感知直接正向影响地下洞室群施工人员的安全认知,职业倦怠在两者之间起负向调节作用;风险感知还会通过安全需求和安全能力的独立中介效应,以及安全需求和安全能力的链式中介效应影响施工人员的安全认知。因此,激励并提高施工人员的风险感知、安全需求和安全能力,同时降低其职业倦怠,可有效提升其安全认知水平。

关键词: 风险感知, 地下洞室群, 施工人员, 安全认知, 安全需求, 安全能力, 职业倦怠

Abstract:

In order to improve the safety cognition level of underground caverns construction workers, safety requirement and safety capability were introduced as mediating variables, and occupational burnout was used as a moderating variable to construct a moderated chain mediation model. A structured questionnaire was designed using 5 scales: risk perception, safety requirement, safety capability, occupational burnout and safety cognition. A questionnaire survey and data analysis were conducted on 312 underground caverns construction workers, and SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0 software were used to test the mediating effect and moderating effect.The results show that risk perception directly and positively affects the safety cognition of underground cavern construction workers, while occupational burnout plays a negative moderating role between the two. Risk perception also affects the safety cognition of construction workers through the independent mediating effect of safety requirement and safety capability, as well as through the chain mediating effect of safety requirement and safety capability. Therefore, motivating and improving the risk perception, safety requirement and safety capability of construction workers, while reducing their occupational burnout, can effectively improve their safety cognition level.

Key words: risk perception, underground caverns, construction workers, safety cognition, safety requirement, safety capability, occupational burnout

中图分类号:

X948

江新, 李锋彪, 彭佳雨, 简丽, 晋良海. 风险感知对地下洞室群施工人员安全认知的作用机制[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(3): 1-9.

JIANG Xin, LI Fengbiao, PENG Jiayu, JIAN Li, JIN Lianghai. Mechanism of risk perception on safety cognition of construction workers in underground caverns[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(3): 1-9.

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特征	分类	人数	占比/%
性别	男	298	95.51
性别	女	14	4.49
年龄/岁	≤45	261	83.65
年龄/岁	>45	51	16.35
学历	高中及以下	112	35.90
	中专、技校	142	45.51
	本科及以上	58	18.59
岗位	施工班组工人	152	48.72
	施工技术人员	97	31.09
	现场安全员	39	12.50
	部门主管	24	7.69
工龄/a	[0,6)	96	30.77
	(6,10]	158	50.64
	(10,30]	58	18.59

研究变量	变量均值	变量标准差	RP	SR	SCA	SCO
RP	3.48	0.689	1	—	—	—
SR	3.35	0.695	0.423^**	1	—	—
SCA	3.31	0.693	0.521^**	0.496^**	1	—
SCO	2.78	0.706	0.486^**	0.516^**	0.523^**	1

模型	χ²/df	GFI	RMSEA	NFI	SRMR
假设模型	2.015	0.963	0.042	0.936	0.039
完全中介模型	2.563	0.955	0.058	0.915	0.062
部分中介模型Ⅰ	2.326	0.936	0.071	0.938	0.076
部分中介模型Ⅱ	2.289	0.947	0.058	0.926	0.054
部分中介模型Ⅲ	2.305	0.923	0.059	0.941	0.063

作用路径	效应值	Boot标准误差	Boot CI 下限	Boot CI 上限	相对中介效应/%
总间接效应	0.35	0.03	0.22	0.39	39.22
间接效应1	0.15	0.01	0.08	0.17	16.51
间接效应2	0.13	0.02	0.09	0.18	13.56
间接效应3	0.07	0.02	0.04	0.14	8.13