心理疲劳对建筑工人不安全行为的影响机制

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.07.1461

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为减少心理疲劳对建筑工人施工安全的负面影响,深入探究心理疲劳与不安全行为(UB)之间的关系及其作用机制。首先,根据建筑工人特征和文献调研,将心理疲劳划分为动机减少(RM)、认知衰弱(CW)和情绪耗竭(EE)3个维度;其次,基于保护动机理论(PTM)和资源保存理论(COR),引入危险感知(HP)作为中介变量,社会支持(SS)作为调节变量;最后,利用结构方程模型与层次回归分析,探究心理疲劳对建筑工人不安全行为的影响机制。结果表明:心理疲劳通过动机减少、认知衰弱和情绪耗竭3个维度对不安全行为产生显著正向影响;危险感知在心理疲劳与不安全行为的关系中起到部分中介作用;心理疲劳对不安全行为的直接影响及危险感知在二者之间的中介作用均受到社会支持调节。

关键词: 心理疲劳, 建筑工人, 不安全行为(UB), 危险感知(HP), 社会支持(SS)

Abstract:

To reduce the negative impact of psychological fatigue on construction workers' safety, the relationship between psychological fatigue and UB and their underlying mechanisms were investigated. First, based on the characteristics of construction workers and literature review, psychological fatigue was divided into three dimensions: reduced motivation (RM), cognitive weakness (CW), and emotional exhaustion (EE). Secondly, based on protection motivation theory (PMT) and Conservation of Resources Theory (COR), HP was introduced as a mediating variable and SS was introduced as a moderating variable. Finally, Structural Equation Modeling and hierarchical regression analysis were used to explore the mechanism through which psychological fatigue affects construction workers' UB. The results show that psychological fatigue is found to have a significantly positive impact on UB through the three dimensions of RM, CW, and EE; HP is identified to partially mediate the relationship between psychological fatigue and UB. Both the direct effect of psychological fatigue on UB and the mediating role of HP between them are moderated by SS.

Key words: psychological fatigue, construction workers, unsafe behavior (UB), hazard perception (HP), social support (SS)

中图分类号:

X911安全心理学

闫浩然, 李明, 徐霞, 蒋祥婷. 心理疲劳对建筑工人不安全行为的影响机制[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(7): 15-21.

YAN Haoran, LI Ming, XU Xia, JIANG Xiangting. Influence mechanism of psychological fatigue on unsafe behaviors of construction workers[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(7): 15-21.

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模型	因子	χ²/df	CFI	TLI	NFI	RMSEA
单因子模型	RM+CW+EE+HP+SS+UB	9.220	0.478	0.418	0.453	0.143
双因子模型	RM+CW+EE+HP+SS、UB	7.008	0.620	0.575	0.587	0.122
四因子模型	RM+CW+EE、HP、SS、UB	3.198	0.862	0.845	0.812	0.074
五因子模型	RM+CW、EE、HP、SS、UB	2.528	0.904	0.892	0.852	0.062
六因子模型	RM、CW、EE、HP、SS、UB	1.708	0.956	0.950	0.901	0.042
七因子模型	RM、CW、EE、HP、SS、UB、CMF	1.216	0.988	0.985	0.934	0.023
六因子VS七因子	—	-0.492	0.032	0.035	0.033	-0.019

路径	路径系数	95%置信区间
路径	路径系数	上限	下限	效应占比/%
CW→UB	0.177^**	0.083	0.304	60.82
CW→HP→UB	0.114^**	0.073	0.164	39.18
EE→UB	0.282^**	0.196	0.360	73.63
EE→HP→UB	0.101^**	0.063	0.146	26.37
RM→UB	0.222^***	0.137	0.264	71.61
RM→HP→UB	0.088^*	0.053	0.129	28.39

变量	HP				UB
变量	模型1	模型2	模型3	模型4	模型5	模型6	模型7	模型8
年龄	-0.026	-0.064	-0.067	-0.070	0.004	0.044	0.049	0.052
性别	-0.027	-0.027	-0.024	-0.010	0.019	0.021	0.016	0.004
工龄	0.272^***	0.204^***	0.199^***	0.158^***	-0.212^***	-0.130^**	-0.124^**	-0.082^*
学历	0.162^**	0.083	0.067	0.046	-0.143^**	-0.055	-0.034	-0.018
工作时长	-0.019	-0.073	-0.072	-0.060	0.016	0.081^*	0.080^*	0.069
CW	—	-0.256^***	-0.247^***	-0.249^***	—	0.246^***	0.228^***	0.235^***
EE	—	-0.229^***	-0.215^***	-0.223^***	—	0.316^***	0.294^***	0.297^***
RM	—	-0.228^***	-0.210^***	-0.214^***	—	0.255^***	0.244^***	0.247^***
SS	—	—	0.130^**	0.122^**	—	—	-0.170^***	-0.159^***
CW×SS	—	—	—	0.120^**	—	—	—	-0.111^*
EE×SS	—	—	—	0.140^**	—	—	—	-0.119^**
RM×SS	—	—	—	0.085^*	—	—	—	-0.116^**
R²	0.103	0.334	0.349	0.405	0.068	0.372	0.399	0.454
ΔR²	0.103	0.231	0.015	0.056	0.068	0.304	0.027	0.055
F	9.132	24.607	23.395	22.096	5.812	29.093	28.884	26.951