关键词: 古祠堂火灾, 有毒气体扩散, 人员疏散, 仿真模拟, 建筑信息模型(BIM)

Abstract:

To clarify the diffusion patterns of toxic gases in multi-courtyard ancient ancestral halls during fires and improve personnel evacuation efficiency, Shuguangyu Hall, a Huizhou-style ancestral hall was selected as a case study. A coupled simulation model integrating BIM, fire dynamics simulator (FDS) smoke dynamics simulations, and Pathfinder evacuation simulations was established. This model dynamically coupled 3D building modeling, fire evolution, toxic gas diffusion, and personnel evacuation. Three typical fire scenarios were designed and numerically simulated to analyze the dynamic interaction between spatiotemporal CO concentration distribution and evacuation routes. Results indicate that optimizing spatial layout and smoke control measures (e.g., installing vertical fire barriers, keeping windows partially open, and implementing positive pressure ventilation in key areas), combined with rational evacuation route design, can effectively suppress CO concentration, delay smoke spread, extend the available safe egress time (ASET), and significantly enhance both personnel evacuation success rates and the safety of cultural relics during fires in ancient ancestral halls.

Key words: fire in ancient ancestral hall, toxic gas diffusion, personnel evacuation, simulation modeling, building information modeling (BIM)