知识生产视角下应急管理学科建设的使命与路径

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.02.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为厘清应急管理学科建设机制、推进应急管理学科良性发展,通过回顾学科建设历史,来分析应急管理学科建设面临的困境与肩负的使命,并提出相应的建设路径。研究表明:在知识生产模式转型视角下,应急管理学科建设面临知识生产者离散、知识创新度不足、知识转化率有限的三重困境,需要完成“朝向人才培养的应急管理知识直接再生产”“朝向科学研究的应急管理知识扩大再生产”和“朝向社会服务的应急管理知识转化再生产”的三大使命,并从做好应急管理学科顶层设计、优化应急管理人才培养体系、推动应急管理科研协同创新、提升应急管理社会服务能力4条路径入手,提升学科建设成效。

关键词: 知识生产, 应急管理, 学科建设, 人才培养, 科学研究, 社会服务

Abstract:

In order to clarify construction mechanism of emergency management discipline and promote sound development of the discipline, its construction difficulties and missions were analyzed by reviewing the development history, and corresponding construction path was put forward. The research shows that from the perspective of knowledge production mode transformation, the discipline's construction is faced with three dilemmas, including discrete knowledge producers, insufficient knowledge innovation and limited knowledge conversion, and has to complete three missions concerning emergency management knowledge, namely its direct reproduction aiming at talent cultivation, expanded reproduction for scientific research, and transformation reproduction oriented to social service. Moreover, the construction can be improved by strengthening top-level planning, optimizing training system of emergency management personnel, promoting collaborative innovation of related research, and improving its social service ability.

Key words: knowledge production, emergency management, discipline construction, personnel training, scientific research, social services

谭爽, 许明欣, 王泽玮. 知识生产视角下应急管理学科建设的使命与路径[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(2): 1-9.

TAN Shuang, XU Mingxin, WANG Zewei. Mission and path of emergency management discipline construction from a perspective of knowledge production[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(2): 1-9.

图/表 2

参考文献 41

[1]	HAUPT B, KAPUCU N, HU Qian. Core competencies in Master of Public Administration (MPA) programs: perspectives from local government managers[J]. Journal of Public Affairs Education, 2017, 23(1), 611-624. doi: 10.1080/15236803.2017.12002272
[2]	LES M. Educational needs for disaster management[J]. Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 2004, 19(4):28-31.
[3]	KAPUCU N. Developing competency-based emergency management degree programs in public affairs and administration[J]. Journal of Public Affairs Education, 2011, 17(4):501-521. doi: 10.1080/15236803.2011.12001659
[4]	HERIBERTO U, MCENTIRE D A. Field,discipline,and profession: understanding three major labels of emergency management[J]. Journal of Emergency Management, 2015, 13(5):389-400. doi: 10.5055/jem.2015.0250
[5]	COMFORT L, WISNER B, CUTTER S, et al. Reframing disaster policy: the global evolution of vulnerable communities[J]. Global Environmental Change B: Environmental Hazards, 1999, 1(1):39-44.
[6]	WILLIAM L, WAUGH J R, STREIB G. Collaboration and leadership for effective emergency management[J]. Public Administration Review, 2006, 66:131-140. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2006.00673.x
[7]	KAPUCU N. Public administrators and cross-sectorgovernance in response to and recoveryfrom disasters[J]. Administration & Society, 2009, 41(7):910-914.
[8]	CARUSON K. Disaster vulnerabilities[J]. The American Review of Public Administration, 2008, 38(3):286-306. doi: 10.1177/0275074007309152
[9]	SILVIA C, MCGUIRE M. Leading public sector networks: an empirical examination of integrative leadership behaviors[J]. The Leadership Quarterly, 2010, 21(2):264-277. doi: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.01.006
[10]	COMFORT L K, WAUGH W L, CIGLER B A. Emergency management research andpractice in public administration: emergence, evolution, expansion, and future directions[J]. Public Administration Review, 2012, 72(4): 539-547. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6210.2012.02549.x
[11]	徐淑华, 陈建新, 祁慧. 基层网格化应急治理:主要问题及改进路径[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2021, 31(1):8-17. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2021.01.002
	XU Shuhua, CHEN Kinsun, QI Hui. Grassroots grid emergency governance: main challenges and improvement paths[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2021, 31(1) : 8-17. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2021.01.002
[12]	毕颖, 张学军, 张福群, 等. 工科高校应急管理人才培养探究[J]. 安全, 2020, 41(10):53-56.
	BI Ying, ZHANG Xuejun, ZHANG Fuqun, et al. Research on the cultivation of emergency management talents in engineering colleges and universities[J]. Safety & Security, 2020, 41(10):53-56.
[13]	佟瑞鹏, 马晓飞, 栗婧, 等. 新工科理念下安全工程专业教学模式与效果评价[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2019, 29(6):140-145. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.06.023
	TONG Ruipeng, MA Xiaofei, LI Jing, et al. Teaching model and effect evaluation of safety engineering discipline under idea of new engineering[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2019, 29(6):140-145. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.06.023
[14]	唐彦东. 应急管理高等教育人才培养对策[J]. 中国应急管理, 2020(2):68-71.
[15]	卢文刚. 暨南大学应急管理专业人才培养的挑战与改革探讨[C]. 第三届教学管理与课程建设学术会议论文集, 2012:1239-1244.
[16]	佟瑞鹏. 加快应急专业人才培养推动应急学科建设[N]. 中国应急管理报,2020-01-07(007).
[17]	孙于萍, 赵国敏, 高天宝, 等. 我国应急管理人才培养现状研究[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2020, 39(6):872-875.
	SUN Yuping, ZHAO Guomin, GAO Tianbao, et al. Research on the current situation of emergency management talents training in China[J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2020, 39(6):872-875.
[18]	张小良, 梁梵洁, 麻庭光, 等. 安全与应急管理专业学科发展[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2020, 16(12):183-188.
	ZHANG Xiaoliang, LIANG Fanjie, MA Tingguang, et al. Professional and disciplinary development of safety and emergency management[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2020, 16(12):183-188.
[19]	张玲玲. 应急人才培养应有力有序有效[N]. 中国应急管理报,2020-12-19(003).
[20]	林涛, 刘琦晖. 应急管理本科专业建设初探[J]. 中国应急管理, 2011(1):29-33.
[21]	高青莲, 游艳玲. 综合应急管理人才的培养模式:华南农业大学培养综合应急管理人才的实践[J]. 天津市经理学院学报, 2013, 47(3):77-78.
[22]	钱洪伟. STS视域下应急管理学科技能型知识体系研究与实践:以河南理工大学应急管理学科(专业)建设为例[J]. 中国应急救援, 2015(1):12-16.
[23]	程根银, 耿兴银. 新时代应急管理人才培养方案研究[J]. 华北科技学院报, 2019, 16(5):116-120.
	CHENG Genyin, GENG Xingyin. Innovation of training mode for safety engineering professionals in the new era[J]. Journal of North China Institute of Science and Technology, 2019, 16 (5): 116-120.
[24]	叶先宝, 苏瑛荃, 黄璟. 高校应急管理教育体系构建研究:基于西方发达国家的经验分析[J]. 发展研究, 2020(9):79-87.
[25]	钱洪伟. 从科学应急到应急科学[J]. 决策探索(中), 2018(10):5-7.
[26]	王云才, 牛聚粉. 基于知识图谱的应急管理研究态势分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2012, 22(4):171-176.
	WANG Yuncai, NIU Jufen. Emergency management researching situation analysis based on knowledge map[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2012, 22(4):171-176.
[27]	王久平. 建立新时代安全与应急科研创新体系:访应急管理部国家安全科学与工程研究院院长孙华山[J]. 中国应急管理, 2021(2):30-33.
[28]	别敦荣. 论大学学科概念[J]. 中国高教研究, 2019(9):1-6.
	BIE Dunrong. On the concept of university discipline[J]. China Higher Education Research, 2019 (9): 1-6.
[29]	钟秉林, 马陆亭, 贾文键, 等. 大学发展与学科建设(笔谈)[J]. 中国高教研究, 2019(9):12-15.
[30]	安超. 知识生产模式的转型与大学的发展:模式1与模式2知识生产的联合[J]. 现代教育管理, 2015(9):46-50.
	AN Chao. The change of knowledge production mode and the university development[J]. Modern Education Management, 2015 (9): 46-50.
[31]	陈乐. 知识生产模式转型驱动下研究型大学改革路径研究[J]. 高校教育管理, 2019, 13(3):10-18,60.
	CHEN Le. The study on the reform path of research universities driven by the model transformation of knowledge production[J]. Journal of Higher Education Management, 2019, 13(3): 10-18,60.
[32]	迈克尔·吉本斯卡米耶·利摩日黑尔佳·诺沃提尼英, 等. 知识生产的新模式:当代社会科学与研究的动力学[M].陈洪捷,沈文钦,秦琳,等,译. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2011: 62-63.
	GIBBONS M, LIMOGES C, NOWOTNY H, et al. The new production of knowledge:the dynamics of science and research in contemporary societies[M]. CHENHongjie, SHENWenqin, QINLin, et al. Translated. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2011:62-63.
[33]	CARAYANNIS E G, CAMPBELL D F J. Mode 3:meaning and implications from a knowledge systems perspective[C]// CARAYANNIS E G,CAMPBELL D F J.Knowledge Creation,Diffusion,and Use in Innovation Networks and Knowledge Clusters, 2006:1-25.
[34]	武学超. 模式3知识生产的理论阐释:内涵、情境、特质与大学向度[J]. 科学学研究, 2014, 32(9):1297-1305.
	WU Xuechao. Theoretical interpretation of mode 3 knowledge production :connotation,adaptive context,attributes and university dimension[J]. Studies in Science of Science, 2014, 32(9):1297-1305.
[35]	ANBARI F T, UMPLEBY S A. Productive research teams and knowledge generation[C]// CARAYANNIS E G,CAMPBELL D F J. Knowledge Creation,Diffusion,and Use in Innovation Networks and Knowledge Clusters, 2006:26-38.
[36]	孙颖妮. 从人才需求出发统筹规划系统性进行学科建设:应急管理学科专业建设研讨会综述[J]. 中国应急管理, 2019(7):28-31.
[37]	唐钧. 加强应急管理学科建设推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化[EB/OL].(2020-09-01). http://www.rmlt.com. cn/2020/0901/591877.shtml.
[38]	薛澜. 加快我国应急管理人才培养与学科建设的若干建议[Z].中国智库, 2011:27-30.
[39]	韩承鹏. 中美高校应急管理专业的课程设置比较分析[J]. 煤炭高等教育, 2019, 37(4):38-42.
	HAN Chengpeng. A comparative analysis of curriculum design of universities' "emergency management"majors in the united states and China[J]. Meitan Higher Education, 2019, 37(4):38-42.
[40]	张健. 职业教育:政行企校合作治理的结构分析与改进对策[J]. 中国职业技术教育, 2018(6):39-43.
[41]	田贤鹏. 论学科内生发展逻辑:从知识生产演化到学科制度生成[J]. 研究生教育研究, 2020(3):60-65,86.
	TIAN Xianpeng. On discipline endogenous development logic:from knowledge production to discipline system generation[J]. Journal of Graduate Education, 2020(3): 60-65,86.

学科建设维度	知识生产旧模式	知识生产模式转型	应急管理学科建设新使命
人才培养	单一学科知识同质高校主导	跨学科性知识异质社会参与技能互补	综合性人才培养超学科性需求导向产教融合协同育人
科学研究	封闭性主体单一学科壁垒理论导向兴趣驱动	开放性主体多元学科交叉问题导向应用驱动	创新性科学研究开放性创新性学科交叉融合成果转化 “官产学研”协同
社会服务	对同行负责忽略社会责任	对社会负责强调公共利益	高绩效社会服务知识供给人才输出社会赋能