纵向风对隧道火灾顶棚辐射热流的影响

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.04.1021

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示全尺寸隧道火灾顶棚辐射热流分布特征,开展数值模拟研究,通过改变纵向风速、火源功率和火源有效高度,模拟分析公路隧道顶棚辐射热流分布、顶棚最大辐射热流及其位置等参数,揭示纵向风速、火源功率和火源有效高度对各参数的影响及其重要度。结果表明:受火源功率和火源有效高度的影响,自然通风时火源表面上方的顶棚辐射热流呈均匀分布或中间低两边高的变化特征;纵向通风时顶棚辐射热流呈先增后减的变化特征,且热流峰值出现在火源中心附近及火源下游。火源有效高度较高时,顶棚最大辐射热流峰值在风速小于临界风速时获得;随着火源有效高度的减小和火源功率的增大,风速小于和大于临界风速时都会出现顶棚最大辐射热流峰值。风速小于临界风速时,顶棚最大辐射热流位置出现在火源表面上方,受火源功率、纵向通风以及火源有效高度的影响较小;风速大于临界风速时,顶棚最大辐射热流位置随火源功率增大而增大,受纵向风速的影响较小。

关键词: 隧道火灾, 纵向风, 顶棚辐射热流, 火源功率, 火源有效高度

Abstract:

To reveal the distribution characteristics of ceiling radiant heat flux in full-scale tunnel fires, the numerical simulation research was carried out. Longitudinal ventilation velocities, heat release rates and effective fire heights were changed. The distribution of ceiling radiant heat flux in road tunnel vehicle fires, the maximum ceiling radiant heat flux and its position were analyzed. The influences of the longitudinal wind speed, the heat release rate, and the effective fire height on each parameter and their important degrees were revealed. Results show that under the natural ventilation, affected by the heat release rate and effective fire height, the radiant heat fluxes under the ceiling above the fire source surface show a uniform distribution, or the law that the middle radiant heat fluxes are low while the two sides are high. Under the longitudinal ventilation, the ceiling radiant heat flux increases and then decreases. The peak value of the heat flux occurs near the center of fire source and the downstream of fire source. At large effective fire source heights, the peak values of the maximum ceiling radiant heat flux are obtained under the condition of wind speed lower than the critical velocity. While reducing the effective fire height and increasing the heat release rate, The peak value of maximum ceiling radiant heat flux individually occurs both when the wind speed is less than and when it is greater than the critical wind speed. When the wind speed below the critical velocity, the maximum ceiling radiant heat flux presents right above the surface of the fire source, and it is weakly affected by the heat release rate, longitudinal ventilation and the effective fire height. When the wind speed above the critical velocity, the maximum ceiling radiant heat flux increases with the heat release rate, and it is less affected by the wind velocity. The research results can provide some reference basis and data supports for tunnel fire prevention and control and tunnel safety design.

Key words: tunnel fire, longitudinal wind, ceiling radiant heat flux, heat release rate, effective fire height

中图分类号:

X928.7火灾与爆炸事故

杨项博, 万华仙, 张玉春. 纵向风对隧道火灾顶棚辐射热流的影响[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(4): 145-151.

YANG Xiangbo, WAN Huaxian, ZHANG Yuchun. Effect of longitudinal wind on ceiling radiant heat flux of tunnel fires[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(4): 145-151.

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离火源中心距离/m	试验温度/℃	模拟温度/℃
7	1 141	1 200
47	396	458
77	271	351
107	217	267

离火源中心距离/m	试验温度/℃	模拟温度/℃
20	362	330
50	242	232
100	160	183