真实型领导风格对飞行学员安全行为的影响机制

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.02.1137

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为促进飞行学员安全行为的养成,强化飞行训练水平,深入探究真实型领导风格与飞行学员安全行为的关系与内在机制,构建基于真实型领导风格理论的飞行学员安全行为理论模型;借鉴成熟量表并邀请专家结合航校训练现状编制问卷,通过AMOS26.0软件检验真实型追随的中介效应和基本心理需求满足的调节效应,并验证所构建飞行学员安全行为理论模型在不同学飞阶段、飞行水平、教员职务群体和工作环境中的适用性。结果表明:飞行教员真实型领导风格与飞行学员安全行为呈正相关关系,飞行学员真实型追随在二者之间起中介作用;真实型领导风格正向影响真实型追随,且基本心理需求满足在此过程起调节作用;在学飞阶段、飞行水平、教员职务和工作环境 4个维度间不同群组对模型不具备调节作用,进一步验证模型的结构稳定性。

关键词: 真实型领导风格, 飞行学员, 安全行为, 真实型追随, 基本心理需求满足, 多群组

Abstract:

In order to improve the development of safety behavior of flight cadets and enhance the level of flight training, conduct an indepth exploration of the relationship and intrinsic mechanism between authentic leadership style and safety behavior of flight cadets, a theoretical model of the safety behavior of flight cadets based on the authentic leadership style theory was constructed. The questionnaire was developed by drawing on established scales and consulting experts to align it with the current training conditions of aviation schools. AMOS26.0 software was used to test the mediating effect of authentic follow and the moderating effect of basic psychological needs satisfaction, and verify the effect on all constructs, the applicability of the theoretical model of flight cadets safety behavior in different stages of learning to fly, flight level, instructor job groups and work environment. The results show that there is a positive correlation between the authentic leadership style of flight instructors and the safety behavior of flight cadets, and the authentic follow of flight cadets plays a mediating role between the two. The authentic leadership style has a positive impact on authentic follower, and the basic psychological needs satisfaction plays a moderating role in this process. Different groups between the four dimensions of stages of learning to fly, flight level, instructor job groups and work environment have no moderating effect on the model, further verifying the structural stability of the model.

Key words: authentic leadership style, flight cadets, safety behavior, authentic follow, basic psychological needs satisfaction, multi-group

中图分类号:

X949

王燕青, 冯蔚然, 蒋干. 真实型领导风格对飞行学员安全行为的影响机制[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2026, 36(2): 9-17.

WANG Yanqing, FENG Weiran, JIANG Gan. Influence mechanism of authentic leadership style on safety behavior of flight cadets[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(2): 9-17.

图/表 6

图1

表1

表2

表3

飞行学员安全行为模型直接效应与飞行学员真实型追随中介效应分析

效应类型	假设	影响路径	标准化系数 $β$	P值	效应值	95%有偏校正置信区间		相对效应占比/%
效应类型	假设	影响路径	标准化系数 $β$	P值	效应值	下限	上限	相对效应占比/%
直接效应	H₁	真实型领导风格→安全行为	0.401	0.012	0.388	0.134	0.328	51.09
	H₂	真实型领导风格→真实型追随	0.644	<0.001	—	—	—	—
	H₃	真实型追随→安全行为	0.525	0.002	—	—	—	—
间接效应	H₄	真实型领导风格→真实型追随→安全行为	—	—	0.215	0.381	0.801	35.66
总效应	—	真实型领导风格→安全行为	—	—	0.603	0.201	0.611	100

表3

图2

表4

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变量	分类	频数	比例/%
年龄/岁	<20	11	4.66
年龄/岁	≥20	225	95.34
教育程度	高中	24	10.17
教育程度	本科	212	89.83
学飞阶段	初级阶段	109	46.19
学飞阶段	中高级阶段	127	53.81
训练得分	≤3	137	58.05
训练得分	>3	99	41.95
教员年龄/岁	≤30	100	42.37
教员年龄/岁	>30	136	57.63
教员职务	有职务	105	44.49
教员职务	无职务	131	55.51
教员从业时间/年	≤6	162	68.64
教员从业时间/年	>6	74	31.36
工作环境	公办航校	140	59.32
工作环境	民办航校	96	40.68

潜变量	维度	题项序号	因子载荷	Cronbach's α	CR	AVE	潜变量	维度	题项序号	因子载荷	Cronbach's α	CR	AVE
真实型领导风格	真实性沟通	X₁	0.748	0.791	0.799	0.570		透明	X₁₉	0.748		0.738	0.487
		X₂	0.787					透明	X₂₀	0.787		0.738	0.487
		X₃	0.729				安全行为	安全遵守	X₂₁	0.729	0.847	0.879	0.645
	道德规范	X₄	0.683		0.788	0.482			X₂₂	0.683
		X₅	0.700						X₂₃	0.700
		X₆	0.743						X₂₄	0.743
		X₇	0.647					安全参与	X₂₅	0.647		0.863	0.677
	无偏见行为	X₈	0.785		0.800	0.572			X₂₆	0.785
		X₉	0.766						X₂₇	0.766
		X₁₀	0.717				基本心理需求满足	自主需求	X₂₈	0.717	0.805	0.859	0.670
真实型追随	平衡处理	X₁₁	0.766	0.736	0.797	0.568			X₂₉	0.766
		X₁₂	0.699						X₃₀	0.699
		X₁₃	0.793					胜任需求	X₃₁	0.793		0.776	0.519
	自我认知	X₁₄	0.749		0.834	0.558			X₃₂	0.749
		X₁₅	0.670						X₃₃	0.670
		X₁₆	0.803					关系需求	X₃₄	0.803		0.815	0.594
		X₁₇	0.761						X₃₅	0.761
	关系	X₁₈	0.749						X₃₆	0.749

维度	模型	ΔDF	ΔCMIN	P	ΔNFI	ΔIFI	ΔRFI	ΔTLI	ΔCFI
学飞阶段	测量加权	5	4.384	0.496	0.012	0.013	-0.002	-0.003	0.000
	结构加权	3	1.910	0.591	0.005	0.006	-0.004	-0.004	0.000
	结构协方差	1	0.003	0.958	0.000	0.000	-0.003	-0.004	0.000
	结构协误差	2	3.576	0.167	0.010	0.011	0.006	0.007	0.000
	测量误差	8	7.326	0.502	0.020	0.023	-0.001	-0.001	0.000
飞行水平	测量加权	5	10.393	0.065	0.028	0.031	0.016	0.019	-0.017
	结构加权	3	5.181	0.159	0.014	0.016	0.004	0.005	-0.007
	结构协方差	3	5.181	0.159	0.014	0.016	0.004	0.005	-0.001
	结构协误差	2	1.538	0.464	0.004	0.005	-0.004	-0.005	0.001
	测量误差	8	8.353	0.400	0.023	0.026	-0.007	-0.009	-0.001
飞行教员职务	测量加权	5	9.543	0.089	0.026	0.029	0.016	0.019	-0.015
	结构加权	3	4.899	0.179	0.014	0.015	0.005	0.006	-0.007
	结构协方差	1	0.657	0.418	0.002	0.002	-0.002	-0.002	0.002
	结构协误差	2	0.167	0.920	0.000	0.001	-0.008	-0.009	0.006
	测量误差	8	6.991	0.538	0.019	0.022	-0.007	-0.008	0.003
工作环境	测量加权	5	5.199	0.392	0.014	0.016	-0.001	-0.001	-0.001
	结构加权	3	6.794	0.079	0.019	0.021	0.013	0.016	-0.012
	结构协方差	1	0.147	0.702	0.000	0.000	-0.004	-0.004	0.003
	结构协误差	2	2.388	0.303	0.007	0.008	0.000	0.000	-0.002
	测量误差	8	10.199	0.251	0.028	0.033	0.003	0.003	-0.007