Research on fire-extinguishing performance of hydrogel fire extinguishing agent on lithium iron phosphate battery pack

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.01.0083

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore the efficient fire extinguishing agent for the thermal runaway behavior of lithium iron phosphate battery packs, a lithium battery combustion-suppression test platform was built, and a 27 Ah lithium iron phosphate battery pack was selected to induce thermal runaway of the battery to fire with a 300 W external heat source. On the basis of the test of thermal runaway behavior of water blocking lithium iron phosphate battery, the blocking effect of hydrogel fire extinguishing agent on thermal runaway behavior of lithium iron phosphate battery pack was carried out, and the parameters such as thermal runaway burst time and temperature change rate of lithium-ion battery pack were compared and analyzed. The results show that the cooling depth of the lithium battery pack by water is insufficient and the utilization rate is not high, which cannot effectively block the thermal runaway propagation between the battery packs. The hydrogel fire extinguishing agent can quickly extinguish the open flame, and the surface temperature of the battery is always lower than the thermal runaway critical temperature after the end of spraying, which can effectively block the thermal runaway behavior of the battery pack. The greater the spray rate of the fire extinguishing agent, the more obvious the thermal runaway propagation of the battery pack is prevented, and the large flow of hydrogel fire extinguishing agent can completely prevent the thermal runaway propagation between the battery pack monomers.

Key words: hydrogel extinguishing agent, lithium iron phosphate battery, extinguishing efficiency, thermal runaway, cooling rate

ZHANG Zuorui, ZHANG Guowei, ZHU Guoqing, LI Zheng, YUAN Diping, JIN Changwei. Research on fire-extinguishing performance of hydrogel fire extinguishing agent on lithium iron phosphate battery pack[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(1): 161-168.

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工况	灭火剂	表面温度变化/℃	最大降温速率/ (℃·s^-1)	升温速率/ (℃·s^-1)	结束喷放20 min 后温度/℃	B单体热失控阶段
5	水	82	-7.5	2.5	159	初爆
6	水凝胶	49	-12.5	1.5	126	形变膨胀

工况编号	灭火剂	喷放速率/ (kg·s^-1)	最大降温速率/ (℃·s^-1)	结束喷放时温度/℃	结束喷放20 min 后温度/℃	B单体热失控阶段
5	水	0.05	-7.5	43	159	初爆
7	水	0.1	-11	43	132	形变膨胀
6	水凝胶	0.05	-12.5	21	126	形变膨胀
8	水凝胶	0.1	-18.5	20	60	未发生热失控