Typical fire protection case of lithium iron phosphate battery energy storage system

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.S2.0126

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to solve the fire safety issue of energy storage system caused by thermal runaway of lithium iron phosphate battery, the fire extinguishing mechanism and performance characteristics of several common extinguishants were studied, and a more effective fire extinguishing method was explored and practiced. Firstly, the thermal runaway process and combustion characteristics of lithium iron phosphate battery were summarized. Then, the fire extinguishing mechanisms of extinguishants such as heptafluoropropane, gas-liquid composite extinguishant, perfluorohexone, aerosol and water mist, as well as the effects of fire extinguishing and reignition suppression on the fire accidents of lithium iron phosphate battery were analyzed. Finally, based on the typical fire fighting system case of prefabricated cabin type lithium iron phosphate battery energy storage system in actual work, the system composition and control logic were introduced. The results show that the fire of lithium iron phosphate battery is a comprehensive fire of category A, B and C. Heptafluoropropane, gas-liquid composite extinguishant, perfluorohexanone, aerosol and water mist have their own advantages and disadvantages in terms of fire extinguishing effect including cooling effect, inhibition of reignition and technological maturity, but none of them can simultaneously extinguish open fire and inhibit battery reignition. It is more effective to use the fire extinguishing method of combining perfluorohexone and water.

Key words: lithium iron phosphate battery, energy storage system, fire fighting system, thermal runaway, extinguishant

LI Lingkun, CHEN Huanjun, LIU Hui, ZHANG Yukui, LI Yao, CHEN Yanqiao. Typical fire protection case of lithium iron phosphate battery energy storage system[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(S2): 111-117.

Figures/Tables 2

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指标	柜式七氟丙烷灭火系统	管网式七氟丙烷灭火系统	气液复合灭火系统	全氟己酮灭火系统	气溶胶灭火系统	细水雾灭火系统
灭火介质	七氟丙烷	七氟丙烷	七氟丙烷+复燃抑制剂	全氟己酮	气溶胶	水+添加剂
灭火机制	化学抑制、窒息、吸热	化学抑制、窒息、吸热	化学抑制、窒息、吸热、物理隔离	化学抑制、窒息、吸热	化学抑制、吸热	吸热、窒息、阻隔辐射热、浸湿
技术特征	控制1个区域	管网形式分布	管网形式分布	管网或火探管形式分布	控制1个区域	管网形式分布
技术成熟度	成熟	成熟	初步成熟	成熟	成熟	成熟
成本	低	高	高	高	低	高
灭火性能	好	好	好	好	差	好
降温性能	一般	一般	一般	好	差	好
复燃抑制性能	差	差	好	一般	差	好