Research on thermal model of large format ternary lithium battery under radiation convection heat dissipation

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.06.1941

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to accurately define the characteristics of battery thermal accumulation during the development of thermal runaway, a combination method of theory and experiment was used to study the thermal model of large format ternary lithium batteries caused by thermal abuse. Firstly, according to the law of conservation of energy, the four heat parameters of the battery thermal model, heat production from heater (Q_e), heat production from chemical reaction (Q_f), heat production from electrical energy release (Q_j) and ambient heat dissipation (Q_d), were clarified. Then, based on the physical heat calculation formula (Q = CMΔθ) and the lumped parameter method, the thermal model for heat abuse of large format ternary lithium batteries was constructed. Secondly, the theoretical analysis of the model parameters was carried out, and the importance of the four thermal parameters on the thermal cumulative change of the battery was investigated. Finally, combined with the experimental data, the value of the surface heat transfer coefficient h was determined by dividing the study scope into points (t_i, θ_i), and the thermal model of the thermal runaway lithium battery in the heat dissipation environment was further verified. The calculation results show that the heat production (Q_w) = 12.88×10⁵ J, the heat dissipation (Q_d) = 6.60×10⁵ J, of which the radiation heat dissipation is 2.91×10⁵ J, and the convection heat dissipation is 3.69×10⁵ J. The thermal runaway peak temperature θ_p is theoretically predicted by the heat calculated by the thermal model, which is highly consistent with the experimental results. The research work can provide guidance for the prevention of thermal disasters caused by the thermal runaway of lithium batteries.

Key words: radiation convection, heat dissipation, thermal model, thermal abuse, thermal runaway

HE Yuanhua, ZHAO Yiming, ZHANG Liheng, WANG Zhiyuan, HUANG Jiang. Research on thermal model of large format ternary lithium battery under radiation convection heat dissipation[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(6): 49-55.

Figures/Tables 6

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工作模式	主参数	终止时间/min	终止电压/V	终止电流/A
恒流放电	18.50 A	—	3.0	—
静置	—	30	—	—
恒流恒压充电	18.50 A 4.20 V	—	—	1.85
静置	—	30	—	—
恒流放电	18.50 A	—	3.0	—
静置	—	30	—	—
恒流恒压充电	18.50 A 4.20 V	—	—	1.85

x	c_x	m_x/g	ΔH_x/(J·g^-1)
SEI膜	0.15^[24]	108.96	257^[24]
隔膜	1^[19]	19.07	-233.2^[24]
电解液	1^[19]	117	800^[19]
负极	1^[19]	108.96	1 714^[24]
正极,1	0.999^[19]	194.05	108^[25]
正极,2	0.999^[19]	194.05	108^[25]

θ	θ₁/℃	t/s	θ_a(θ₃)/℃
θ_E	80	678(t_E)	20.6
θ_v	246.2	2 723(t_v)	23.2
θ_i	282.3	3 143(t_i)	51.7
θ_p	813.9	3 287(t_p)	38.3