Effect of heating mode on thermal runaway behavior of lithium ion battery

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2021.09.007

Abstract

Abstract: In order to investigate safety of lithium-ion batteries under different heating conditions in the process of transportation and use, thermal runaway of battery was caused by a cylindrical heating rod and a spring heating ring at a temperature rise rate of 5 and 10 ℃/min respectively, and experimental phenomenon and data were studied. Thermal runaway gas was sampled and gas composition was analyzed. The results show that thermal runaway process of battery all goes through heat storage stage, exhaust stage and thermal runaway stage. At 5 and 10 ℃/min, time of thermal runaway caused by spring heating ring is 18.3% and 40.2% faster than that of heating rod, respectively, and the maximum temperature in the thermal runaway stage decreased by 11.2 and 24.6 ℃, respectively. When battery is heated by heating rod, combustion is more sufficient, and the maximum thermal runaway temperature of battery decreases with the increase of temperature rising rate of heating device.

Key words: heating method, lithium ion battery, thermal runaway, thermal hazard, heating methods

CLC Number:

X932

ZHANG Qingsong, LIU Tiantian, BAI Wei. Effect of heating mode on thermal runaway behavior of lithium ion battery[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2021, 31(9): 44-51.

References

[1] 华政, 梁风, 姚耀春. 电动汽车电池的发展现状与趋势[J]. 化工进展, 2017, 36(8):2 874-2 881.
HUA Zheng, LIANG Feng, YAO Yaochun, et al. Status and development trend for battery of electric vehicles[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2017, 36(8):2 874-2 881.
[2] JHU Canyong, WANG Yihwen, SHU Chimin, et al. Thermal explosion hazards on 18650 lithium ion batteries with a VSP2 adiabatic calorimeter[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2011, 192(1):99-107.
[3] 王文和, 何腾飞, 米红甫, 等. 18650型锂离子电池燃烧特性及火灾危险性评估[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2019, 19(3): 729-736.
WANG Wenhe, HE Tengfei, MI Hongfu, et al. Experimental test for the combustion features of the 18650-type lithium-ion battery and its fire-prone risk assessment[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment,2019, 19(3):729-736.
[4] PING Ping, WANG Qingsong, HUANG Peifeng, et al. Study of the fire behavior of high-energy lithium-ion batteries with full-scale burning test[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2015, 285:80-89.
[5] WANG Qingsong, ZHAO Xuejuan, YE Jiana, et al. Thermal response of lithiumion battery during charging and discharging under adiabatic conditions[J]. Journal of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry, 2016, 124 (1) :417- 428.
[6] QUINTIERE J G.On methods to measure the energetics of a lithium ion battery in thermal runaway[J].Fire Safety Journal, 2020,111:doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2019.102911.
[7] 张青松,戚瀚鹏,罗星娜,等.电量影响下的锂离子电池热稳定性研究[J].消防科学与技术,2015,34(7):847-849.
ZHANG Qingsong,QI Hanpeng,LUO Xingna,et al. A study on thermal stability of lithium-ion battery during air transportation against the influence of power [J].Fire Science and Technology, 2015,34(7):847-849.
[8] 羡学磊, 董海斌, 张少禹,等.三元锂离子动力电池热失控及火灾特性研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(1):239-248.
XIAN Xuelei, DONG Haibin, ZHANG Shaoyu, et al.Thermal runaway and fire characteristics of NCM lithium-ion power battery [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(1):239-248.
[9] 李钊, 陈才星, 牛慧昌, 等. 锂离子电池热失控早期预警特征参数分析[J].消防科学与技术, 2020, 39(2):146-149.
LI Zhao, CHEN Caixing, NIU Huichang,et al.Characteristic parameter analysis of thermal runaway early warning of lithium-ion battery [J].Fire Science and Technology, 2020, 39(2):146-149.
[10] BUGRYNIEC P J, DAVIDSON J N, CUMMING D J, et al.Pursuing safer batteries:thermal abuse of LiFePO₄ cells[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2019, 414:557-568.
[11] 陈吉清, 刘蒙蒙, 周云郊, 等. 不同滥用条件下车用锂离子电池安全性实验研究[J].汽车工程, 2020, 42(1):66-73.
CHEN Jiqing,LIU Mengmeng,ZHOU Yunjiao,et al.Experimental study on safety of automotive NCM battery under different abuse conditions[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2020, 42(1):66-73.
[12] 杨骁勇, 许林辉, 孙强, 等. 阻燃绝缘油防止18650型锂离子电池热失控研究[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2019, 38(12): 1 755-1 760.
YANG Xiaoyong, XU Linhui, SUN Qiang, et al.Research on flame-retardant insulating oil prevents thermal runaway of 18650 lithium-ion battery[J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2019, 38(12):1 755-1 760.
[13] 贺元骅, 沈俊杰, 王海斌. 低压下不同新型清洁气体灭火剂抑灭21700型锂离子电池火研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2019, 15(12):53-58.
HE Yuanhua,SHEN Junjie,WANG Haibin.Study on extinguishing 21700 lithium battery fire with different new clean gas extinguishing agents under low pressure[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2019, 15(12):53-58.
[14] 邓康, 张英, 徐伯乐, 等. 磷酸铁锂离子电池组燃烧特性研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2019, 29(11):83-88.
DENG Kang, ZHANG Ying, XU Bole, et al. Study on combustion characteristics of lithium iron phosphate battery pack[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2019, 29(11):83-88.
[15] 冯旭宁. 车用锂离子动力电池热失控诱发与扩展机理、建模与防控[D]. 北京:清华大学, 2016.
FENG Xuning, Thermal runaway initiation and propagation of lithium-ion traction battery for electric vehicle:test, podeling and prevention[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2016.
[16] 张亚军, 王贺武, 冯旭宁, 等. 动力锂离子电池热失控燃烧特性研究进展[J].机械工程学报, 2019, 55(20):17-27.
ZHANG Yajun, WANG Hewu, FENG Xuning, et al. Research progress on thermal runaway combustion characteristics of power lithiumion batteries[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2019, 55(20):17-27.
[17] 金远, 韩甜, 韩鑫,等. 锂离子电池热管理综述[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2019, 8(增1):23-30.
JIN Yuan, HAN Tian, HAN Xin,et al.A review on thermal management techniques for lithium-ion battery[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2019,8(S1):23-30.
[18] 张青松,郭超超,秦帅星.锂离子电池燃爆特征及空运安全性研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2016,26(2):50-55.
ZHANG Qingsong, GUO Chaochao, QIN Shuaixing.Study on lithium-ion batteries explosive characteristics and aviation transportation safety [J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2016,26(2):50-55.
[19] 黄强,陶风波,刘洋,等.气液灭火剂对磷酸铁锂电池模组灭火能效研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2020,30(3):53-59.
HUANG Qiang,TAO Fengbo,LIU Yang,et al.Study on performance of gas- liquid extinguishing agent for lithium iron phosphate battery modules [J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2020,30(3):53-59.
[20] MAO Binbin, HUANG Peifeng, CHEN Haodong, et al. Self-heating reaction and thermal runaway criticality of the lithium ion battery[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2020,149:doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.119178.
[21] WANG Qingsong,MAO Binbin,STANISLAV I,et al.A review of lithium ion battery failure mechanisms and fire prevention strategies[J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion ence, 2019, 73:95-131.
[22] FU Yangyang, LU Song, LI Kaiyuan, et al. An experimental study on burning behaviors of 18650 lithium ion batteries using a cone calorimeter[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2015, 273:216-222.