Study on inhibition effect of hydrogel on thermal runaway of ternary lithium-ion battery

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.05.0104

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to quickly and effectively extinguish the lithium-ion battery fire, solve the problems concerned in the fire protection field, such as long fire extinguishing time and high water consumption, and explore the inhibition effect of hydrogel extinguishing agent on the thermal runaway of large capacity lithium-ion batteries. Firstly, the microstructure of hydrogel at high temperatures was analyzed by an environmental scanning electron microscope. Then, by building a lithium battery combustion test platform, the hydrogel fire extinguishing test was carried out. Taking the 135 Ah square aluminium case ternary lithium-ion battery pack for vehicles as the test object, the electric heating method was used to induce its thermal runaway and explore the cooling inhibition effect of hydrogel on lithium batteries. The results show that the pore structure of the hydrogel is destroyed after being heated, which is conducive to its adhesion to the surface of the object and continuous cooling. When using hydrogel for fire extinguishing and cooling, the maximum cooling rate of the battery surface is twice that of water. After the hydrogel is sprayed, the temperature of the lithium battery rises slowly, and the heating rate is only half that of water. Compared with water, the hydrogel can delay the thermal runaway of adjacent batteries for a longer time, which can bring longer safety time for rescue and escape.

Key words: hydrogel, thermal runaway, ternary lithium ion battery, inhibition effect, cooling rate, safety time

CLC Number:

X932爆炸安全与防火、防爆

LIU Chunyuan, ZHANG Guowei, YANG Lin, OUYANG Chenliang, ZHANG Zuorui. Study on inhibition effect of hydrogel on thermal runaway of ternary lithium-ion battery[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(5): 186-194.

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序号	灭火剂	喷放时长/s	A电池最大降温速率/ (℃·s^-1)	灭火剂喷放结束A 电池升温速率/ (℃·s^-1)	灭火剂喷放结束B 电池热失控间隔时间/s	灭火剂喷放结束C 电池热失控间隔时间/s
1	—	—	—	—	78	173
2	水	20	32	22	82	199
3	水	30	42	19	158	282
4	水	40	45	21.5	166	288
5	水凝胶	20	89.5	11.5	294	604
6	水凝胶	30	105.5	8	475	665
7	水凝胶	40	108	9.5	619	722