Table of Content

28 August 2018, Volume 28 Issue 8

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Basic Disciplines of Safety Science and Technology Safety Lielihood Science Safety Systematology Safety Science of Engineering and Technology Public Safety

Basic Disciplines of Safety Science and Technology

Reduction and logistic regression model for prediction of rainfall landslides disaster

WEI Xingjun, ZHAO Xiaomeng, MA Changling, LEI Xiangjie

2018, 28(8):  1-6.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.08.001

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In order to realize the rainfall-induced landslide disaster warning in Qinba mountain area,data on rainfall at different time points of landslide disasters from the nearest regional stations were collected and processed.The data set on rainfall characteristic landslide disaster was formed.A rainfall landslide knowledge expression system was defined.Knowledge reduction and prediction results feedback were used to filter feature attributes of rainfall.And then inducing factors of landslide disasters were determined.The logistic regression method was improved,the model generalization ability was enhanced and a reduced logistic regression model was established and compared with the uncertain naive Bayes model and the genetic neural network model.Experimental result shows that the reduced logistic regression model can effectively deal with the high-dimensional rainfall data and has a higher prediction precision accuracy.

Safety Lielihood Science

Research on lateral risk avoidance characteristics of drivers on urban roads

WU Fuwei, WANG Xin, WANG Chang

2018, 28(8):  7-12.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.08.02

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In order to improve drivers' lateral risk avoidance ability,simulation experiments were carried out.In the experiments,a driving simulator with fixed base was used to build 5 typical dangerous driving scenes of urban roads,and an eye tracker was used to record eye movement data and risk avoidance operation data of 35 drivers.Parameters such as drivers' gaze distribution,the perception-brake reaction time,continuous braking time,maximum steering wheel angle time,and vehicle lateral position were statistically analyzed.Results show that the drivers' horizontal visual lines are in the middle right area of the visual field in the five scenes,that except for scene 3,the average perception-braking time of drivers is less than 1 second,and that when the visual line is not blocked,the driver mainly adopts the brake to avoid risk,otherwise mainly adopts the operation consisting of steering and braking.

ERP-based experimental study on effect of attentional blink on driving safety

LI Jianqiang CHEN Ruiya

2018, 28(8):  13-18.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.08.003

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For the sake of preventing traffic accidents caused by the driver's attentional blink,simulated driving experiments were performed.Effects of factors including stimulus color and time interval on driver's attentional blink were studied.Based on the experiment data,the differences in drivers' behavioral indexes (reaction time and accuracy) and ERP indexes (P3 amplitude and latency) under different conditions were analyzed.It was observed that compared with the other five conditions,the condition with yellow placard and 1 s SOA presented the worst behavioral performance(reaction time prolonged and accuracy decreased) and the P3 latency delayed,the P3 amplitude decreased in the parietal lobe.The results suggest that the attentional blink affects badly divers' brain processing of driving events and the allocation of cognitive resources,which decreases driving safety.

Research on fixation transfer characteristics of drivers driving through urban tunnel

PAN Shu, GUO Tangyi, SHAO Fei, XU Qian

2018, 28(8):  19-24.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.08.004

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To study the fixation transfer characteristics of drivers,different in driving experience,driving through an urban tunnel,real vehicle tests were carried out in an urban tunnel.Firstly,eye movement data of 10 testees different in driving experience were collected by using the Dikablis eye tracking system.Second,K-means clustering method was used to divide areas of visual interest,and drivers' fixation distribution characteristics in different areas were comparatively analyzed.Finally,drivers' fixation transfer rules and stationary distribution characteristics were studied using Markov theory.The results indicate that probability of repeated fixations is greater and efficiency of visual research is lower on the internal sections of a tunnel compared with external sections,that drivers obtain information mainly from the straight upper front and straight lower front areas,and the probabilities of fixation points in these two areas at the threshold and exit sections are significantly higher than those on other sections,and that compared to experienced drivers,novice drivers allocate less attention to the straight upper front area and rearview mirrors.

Safety Systematology

Model for evaluating risk of pedestrian in crossing signalized sectionbased on safety entropy

YUAN Li, HE Juan, CAI Mingjie, SUN Yihang

2018, 28(8):  25-30.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.08.005

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The paper was aimed at analyzing quantitatively the safety of pedestrian crossing signalized section.Firstly,the pedestrian crossing characteristics were analyzed through field investigation.Then a concept of safety entropy was proposed,and a safety entropy model was built based on the modified traditional COX proportional hazard regression model.In order to solve the model,the principal component analysis was used to extract the main components of pedestrian crossing risk.The safety grades were classified by fuzzy theory.The model was applied to evaluation of safety of pedestrians crossing in a signalized section by the Nanjing Children's Hospital.The research shows that green light inertial psychology and red light tailing psychology are the main psychology dominating pedestrians running red lights at signalized sections,that the higher the horizontal cutoff α,the more conservative the level of interception is,and entropy value collection of α=9 can be taken as a basis for safety classitacation,and that the risk evaluation result obtained by using the model conforms to the reality.Therefore,the model constructed can be used to evaluate the safety of pedestrian crossing in the signal control section.

Safety Science of Engineering and Technology

Simulation study on fire evacuation from airport terminal

SONG Yang, CHEN Shengao, LAN Sijie, YANG Kun

2018, 28(8):  31-37.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.08.006

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For the sake of preventing fire accidents in an airport terminal building,BIM was employed to evaluate the influences of the building layout and fire extinguishing system on the fire smoke spread and personnel evacuation.BIM was applied in the terminal fire evacuation management,the operation of terminal fire-fighting system and safety of evacuees were simulated quantitatively by using two kinds of software of PyroSim and Pathfinder.Changes in smoke,heat and evacuation process were analyzed.It turns out that for the present building layout,the thermal radiation of a fire happening in the peak flow period has not a significant influence on the evacuation process even if the smoke extracting system fails to start in time,that a sudden decrease in the height of smoke is a dangerous threat to the evacuees,and that the expansion of the open space area in front of the boarding gate,removal of unnecessary indoor facilities and promotion of the linkage between fire-fighting system and boarding gate are helpful to shortening the time of evacuation.

Experimental study on influence of mixing uniformity onmethane explosion characteristics

JIAO Fengyuan, HUO Yujiang, LIU Jinbiao, ZHANG Huarong

2018, 28(8):  38-42.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.08.007

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In order to explore the methane explosion characteristics under different mixing uniformity conditions and prevent the methane explosion,a two-stage gas mixer composed of a jet mixer and a static mixer was designed,made and used to carry out experiments on mixtures of methane and air.Explosion limits and explosion pressure of methane were studied by using the self-developed test device.The experiment results show that under the action of two stage gas mixer,the lower explosive limit of methane decreases from 5.25% to 5.15%,the upper explosive limit increases from 17.15% to 17.55%,the methane explosion range is expanded by 4.20%,and the upper explosive limit is greatly influenced by the mixing uniformity,that as the methane concentration increases,the increase in explosion pressure increases first and then decreases,that when the volume fraction of methane is 11%,the explosion pressure has the largest increase,and the methane explosion pressure is the most affected by the mixing uniformity.

Study on characteristics of pressure in linked vessels having single/double nozzle explosion venting facility

ZHANG Wei, JIANG Juncheng, WANG Zhirong, JIANG Fengwei

2018, 28(8):  43-48.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.08.008

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To improve the suppression and protection level of explosion accidents in connected structural devices in industrial production,laboratory experiments were carried out to study the methane-air mixed gas venting process in the connected containers of two spherical vessels and pipes.By changing the opening and closing state of the two venting ports on the device,the changes in pressure in the container during the explosion were observed.The results show that for the explosion in the connected structure device,the explosion venting facility has a certain protective effect,that when only one port works,pressure fluctuations may occur in the connected container and when the two ports work,the pressure curve in the smaller container will have a double peak phenomenon,and that in the case of the same pressure relief ratio,an increase in the venting area makes the pressure in the connected vessels decrease significantly.

Suppression of cornstarch/air mixture explosion by superfine sodium bicarbonate powder

GAO Linjie, XU Haishun, SU Deng

2018, 28(8):  49-54.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.08.009

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For the sake of exploring the explosion suppression effect of explosion suppression powder content on explosion of cornstarch/air mixtures,experiments in suppression of cornstarch/air mixtures explosion by superfine sodium bicarbonate powder were conducted by using a self-developed explosion suppression device with 3 m³ confined space.The influences of the consumption of explosion powder,the trigger time,and the layout manner of explosion suppression device on explosion pressure were observed.The results show that increasing the consumption of explosion powder,shortening the trigger time,and increasing the number of explosion suppression devices can effectively reduce the explosion peak pressure and delay the time to the peak of the explosion pressure,and enhance the suppression effect on the dust explosion in the confined space,and that increasing the number of explosion suppression devices can avoid the occurrence of the re-ignition and a secondary explosion during the explosion suppression.

Multi objective optimization of shearer drum parametersand its influence on strength of rocker arm

SHI Jianguo, GAO Guangcai, TENG Rui

2018, 28(8):  55-60.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.08.010

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In order to reduce the cutting ratio of cutting ratio and load fluctuation in the working of the shearer drum,and improve the safety performance of the shearer,the parameters of the diameter of the shearer drum,the spiral angle of the blade and the cutting depth of the drum were optimized.Through the optimization of the objective function and the constraint conditions,the improved genetic algorithm was used to solve the optimization problem,and the parameters of the shearer drum were optimized.The stress distribution and fatigue life cycle times of the shearer's rocker arm before and after the optimization as well as the influence of working load of drum on safety performance of shearer rocker arm before and after the optimization were analyzed by using the finite element software and the fatigue life analysis module.The study shows that the optimized shearer drum has an average reduction of 45.6% in specific energy consumption and an average of 1.3% in the load fluctuation index,and the maximum stress value of the shell of the rocker shell is reduced by 12.34% compared with the extreme value before the optimization,and that optimization of drum parameters improves the safety performance of shearer rocker.

Study on models for evaluating muscular fatigue of upper extremity for pulling task

HU Hong, YI Cannan, LI Kaiway, TANG Fan, ZUO Huali, PI Kaiwen

2018, 28(8):  61-67.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.08.011

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To avoid the accumulation of muscular fatigue for workers and prevent them from developing WMSDs,a FD-RPE evaluation model of muscular fatigue was built.A simulated pallet truck pulling task was designed and 10 college male students were recruited as participants.Maximum values of force of their right arms were measured and their RPE was recorded according to Borg CR-10 scale.Then,FD was normalized and 3 evaluation models of muscular fatigue of upper extremity for pulling task over posture and load were built.At last,differences among models were analyzed according to the experiment conditions.Results show that there is a linear relationship between RPE and FD and it might be posture specific,and that the proposed models are effective and capable of evaluating the muscular fatigue of workers for pulling task,contributing to the monitoring of muscular fatigue and tasks analysis.

Analysis and optimization of information coding for automobile dashboard based on human factors engineering

SUN Guilei, LI Qin, FU Peiwen, RAN Linghua

2018, 28(8):  68-74.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.08.012

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To study the effects of interactive designs for different panels on driving efficiency and accuracy,simulation experiments were carried out.For carrying out the experiments,35 experimental stimulus materials composed of four types of common layout and two types of common colors were obtained.And an Adobe Illustrator was used in simplified processing.30 testees were tested for a given task.Tobii X2-30 was used to get the data on the duration in the task,task search time and the correct rate.SPSS V21.0 was used to analyze the difference in the data.Suggestions on dashboard design were proposed from four aspects: the position of dial,the design of color matching,the rate of misreading and the speed of reading.Results show that the setting of the speedometer in the middle position has a significant impact on the reading of tachometer and water temperature meter,and that complex color arrangement affects driver's reading efficiency.

Comfortableness evaluation of range of motion of human upper limb joint

ZHANG Ruiming, LIU Zhongqi, ZHOU Qianxiang, SHEN Yuhong, LI Chenming

2018, 28(8):  75-80.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.08.013

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To evaluate the comfortableness of ranges of motions of human upper limb joint,an evaluation method based on both the subjective scale method and sEMG signal analysis was worked out under the condition of external load.Comfortableness experiments were carried out with 12 healthy malesas subjects.The sEMG signals of 12 joint parameters at the lower shoulder,elbow,ulnar and wrist joints at different activity angles (0% ROM,25% ROM,50% ROM,75% ROM and 100% ROM) were collected.And subjective feelings were evaluated.Results show that under the 1.5kg load,the most comfort joint motion is the elbow joint flexion,followed by shoulder flexion and shoulder horizontal flexion,that the most discomfort motion is the shoulder horizontal extension,followed by wrist extension.For the elbow flexion and other four joint motions,there is a significant correlation between sEMG and subjective scores,and that the sEMG signals reflect the comfortableness of joint motion more sensitively than subjective rating.

Design and performance analysis of airport two-stage security check system

ZHAO Zhenwu, LI Xinyuan, TANG Yuli

2018, 28(8):  81-86.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.08.014

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In order to improve the efficiency of airport security screening,queuing theory and probability theory,combined with the speed and accuracy operating characteristic curve,were used to build a mathematical model for the two-stage security check system.On the basis of analyzing some date on actual examples,effects of both the speed of first-stage screening and the proportion of sampling on the first stage,the second stage and the entire two-stage security system's false clear rates,false alarm rates and average wait time for passengers carry-on items studied.The results show that when the arrival rate is unchanged,the longer the maximum detection time in the first stage,the higher both the false clear rate and the false alarm rate of the entire two-stage security check system will be,and the shorter the average waiting time for passengers carry-on items,that when the maximum detection time in the first stage exceeds 5 seconds,its effect on the average waiting time will be minimal,and that increasing the proportion of sampling will increase both the average waiting time and the false alarm rate of the entire security check system.

Research on model for assessment of dynamic risk in confined space working and its application

WANG Shenghua, JIA Bo, CHEN Wenjie, WANG Yonghong, ZHU Jianmiao

2018, 28(8):  87-92.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.08.015

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In order to grasp objectively and assess dynamically the risk in confined space working,firstly,a risk index system was established,the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and AHP were applied,and a comprehensive risk assessment model of confined space working was built with the dangerous gas volume fraction as the main index.Then,an on-line dangerous gas monitoring system was established,and the real-time and dynamical risk assessment for the confined space working was realized.Finally,the risk assessment model was applied to a drainage pool of drainage system.The results show that the risk assessment model can calculate in real-time and assess dynamically the risk in confined space working,and that for working in the confined space,the volume fraction of the dangerous gas is the main factor affecting the risk,and control of dangerous gas volume fraction is the key measure for ensuring the safety of confined space working.

Improved WBS-RBS based identification of risks in railway transportation of dangerous goods

HUANG Wencheng, SHUAI Bin, ZHANG Guangya

2018, 28(8):  93-99.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.08.016

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In order to prevent the safety accidents in railway dangerous goods transportation,an improved WBS-RBS method was worked out for identifying the risks in it.Firstly,the interval numbers coupled judgment matrix of expert scoring was proposed to improve the WBS-RBS risk matrix.Following this,the midpoints and the half-width of the interval numbers were used for identifying and sorting the whole system WBS-RBS interval numbers,and the probability degree ranking vectors were used for identifying and sorting the unit system interval numbers.Finally,the lithium battery transportation is given as a numerical example to verify the method.The results show that related personnel's dereliction of duty during cargo inspection,personnel's without training during cargo handlings and improper maintenance of rolling stock during the operation of the train generate ultimate risks,that the risk factors in operation of the train are more than those in other operations,that three risks including related personnel's dereliction of duty,improper maintenance of rolling stock and combustion and explosion of lithium batteries have the highest frequency during transportation,and that the interval numbers are helpful in reducing subjectivity and uncertainty in risk identification.

Study on new technology of " two plugging, one injection and one discharge "

QI Qingjie, ZHAO Youxin, LYU Youchang, JIA Xinlei, ZHOU Xinhua

2018, 28(8):  100-104.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.08.017

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For the sake of increasing the extraction concentration of gas extraction drilling and achieving gas recovery and utilization of coal mine,the paper was aimed at improving the existing process of "one-piece bladder double plugging and one injection" plugging process.A new type of "two plugging,one injection and one discharge" was sealing device designed and made.Laboratory researches and downhole engineering experiments were conducted to compare and analyze the effects of the two types of plugging devices.The results show that the grouting section of the "two plugging,one injection and one discharge" new process in the in-hole experiment is dense,but there is an obvious blank section in the" integrated pouch double plugging and single injection",that under the same coal seam condition,the average gas volume fraction is 75% in 90 days with the new process of "two plugging,one injection and one discharge",but the volume fraction is 55% with the existing process.

Spontaneous combustion characteristics and infrared analysis of soaked lignite

DENG Cunbao, QIAO Ling, WANG Xuefeng, DAI Fengwei, ZHANG Xun

2018, 28(8):  105-110.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.08.018

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In order to prevent self-igniting fire caused by soaking of residual coal in goaf,lignite samples and soaked coal samples were prepared,and temperature programmed experiments were carried out to study the change of the spontaneous combustion characteristics.FT-IR spectra of the coal samples were obtained,and the influences of soaking on the functional groups of coal were quantitatively analyzed.The results show that the temperature of the end point of water evaporation,the ignition temperature and the temperature corresponding to the maximum weight loss rate of the soaked coal sample are advanced in varying degree,and the ignition activation energy is reduced by 11.2%,indicating that the soaked lignite is more prone to spontaneous combustion,and the contents of alkyl ether,aryl ether,methylene and self associative hydroxyl hydrogen bond in the coal are increased,and the oxidation activity of coal are enhanced after soaking.

KPCA-MPSO-ELM based model for discrimination of mine water inrush source

MAO Zhiyong, HUANG Chunjuan, LU Shichang, HAN Rongyue

2018, 28(8):  111-116.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.08.019

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In order to discriminate the source of water inrush accurately and prevent water inrush accidents,a KPCA-MPSO-ELM based model was built for discriminating mine water inrush source.For building the model,KPCA was used to reduce the attributes of data and to optimize the initial weights and thresholds of ELM by MPSO.Hydrochemical characteristics of each aquifer in the mine were considered,seven indicators of Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺,K⁺+Na⁺,HCO^-₃,SO^2-₄,Cl^- and total hardness were selected as a basis for judging water inrush.The 45 groups of measured data from Xinzhuangzi mine was selected as an example for analysis.Thirty-three groups of data were used as training data to train the model and other 12 groups of data were used as prediction samples.A comparison was made between the discrimination results by KPCA-MPSO-ELM based model and those by MPSO-ELM and KPCA-PSO-ELM models.The results show that KPCA analysis reduces information overlap between indicator data,that optimizing ELM parameters through MPSO improves the overall search performance and convergence speed of the model,and that the prediction accuracy of KPCA-MPSO-ELM model is higher than that of other two models.

Research on safety of backfill mining strip pillars under villages

DONG Yu, HUANG Yucheng, ZHAO Wenping, LIU Gang

2018, 28(8):  117-122.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.08.020

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In order to explore the safety and feasibility of miningtheretaining strip pillars with backfill,firstly,a backfill plan was proposed,and the stability of filling body was analyzed by calculating the load and strength of filling body.Then,the prediction parameters were determined according to the movement of rock strata after strip mining.The probability integral method was used to predict the surface movement and deformation after backfill.The damage to surface buildings was analyzed to verify the applicability of backfill with evaluation standards for building damage.Lastly,backfill mining strip pillars under the Fodian villages were taken as an example,researches on and analyses of which were carried out.The results show that the backfill load is 22.3 MPa,the backfill strength is 31.1 MPa,the backfill safety factor is 1.41,which can maintain long-term stability of the ground,and that the ground surface movement and deformation controlled by backfill is in the range of Ⅱ-level,and the normal use of the surface buildings will not be affected by backfill.

Method for calculating probability of conflict between aircrafts based on Gaussian quadrature

HAO Jingtang, SU Zhigang

2018, 28(8):  123-128.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.08.021

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In order to promote the application of conflict detection technology in the next generation air traffic control system and protect flight safety more effectively,firstly,an improved conflict probability model was built after analyzing the computational difficulties of the traditional conflict detection algorithm.Then,Gauss-Legendre quadrature of any order was implemented by using recursive formula for Legendre polynomials and Newton's iteration method.On this basis,improved conflict probability model was calculated by using Gaussian quadrature formula to obtain the conflict probability.Finally,an opposite movement model,a crossover movement model and a turn movement model were considered,the universal applicability of the conflict probability calculation method was verified by simulation experiments.The results show that conflict probability in the forward looking period can be accurately estimated by using the proposed method,that the more the points,the higher the calculation accuracy,and that compared with the extended region approximation method and the Monte Carlo method,conflict probability calculation method with few Gaussian-points has better calculation accuracy and efficiency.

Research on strength criterion and bearing capacity ofshaft lining concrete under axial pressure and hydraulic pressure

XUE Weipei, YAO Zhishu, WANG Xiaojian, PENG Shilong, YANG Long

2018, 28(8):  129-134.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.08.022

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To solve the safety problem of shaft lining design in water-bearing bedrock segment,based on the similarity model theory,concrete strength grade,thickness diameter ratio and reinforcement ratio were taken as the influencing factors on the bearing capacity of shaft lining,and nine sets of orthogonal tests were designed and completed.Stress and strain characteristics,failure characteristics and mechanism of shaft lining concrete under corresponding conditions were studied.A strength criterion and bearing capacity calculation formula of shaft lining concrete were established.The model generally shows compressive shear failure and stress on the inside of shaft is greater than that on the outside,that compared with the present mine design formula,the strength criterion has higher accuracy,and the deviation range is -6.00% to 6.94%,that as the concrete strength grade increases,the bearing capacity of shaft lining increases linearly,an increase of 10 MPa causes an average increase of 11.04%,that increasing the reinforcement ratio has a very weak influence on the bearing capacity of shaft lining,and is not conducive to controlling the cost.

Development and application of case-based reasoning based information system for identifying and controlling hidden danger in coal mine

YUAN Jiangtao, ZHANG Ruixin, ZHAO Hongze, WU Linlin, FAN Yanqiang

2018, 28(8):  135-141.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.08.023

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In order to improve the effectiveness of hidden danger investigation and treatment methods,a model based on case-based reasoning was built for coal mine hidden danger investigation.Key technologies of case-based reasoning of hidden danger were studied further,such as ontology representation methods and case retrieval.The level of the early warning of the hidden danger was determined with the established rule base of accidents and fuzzy inference technology.An information system of coal mine hidden danger investigation based on case-based reasoning was established and applied to the Datai coal mine of Beijing Haohua Energy Resource Co.,Ltd.The results show that the information system ensures historical records on coal mine accidents and hidden dangers play their full role in the hidden danger investigation and treatment,and is helpful in improving employee safety awareness,establishing reasonable hidden rectification measures and preventing a similar hidden danger from leading once again to coal mine accidents.

Analysis of structure of flow field in tunneling road based on similarity theory

JIANG Wan, WEI Jianping, XU Xiangyu

2018, 28(8):  142-148.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.08.024

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In order to explore the law of dust migration in driving roadway,this paper was aimed at studying the structure of flow field in tunneling roadway with forced ventilation.Based on the similar theory,a similar experimental platform for tunneling roadway was built,and air velocity distribution experiments were carried out by using the platform.The fluent simulation method was used to study the flow field partition feature and the variation characteristics of the backflow.The results show that the flow field is characterized by obvious wind speed fluctuation near the headway of the roadway,and uniform distribution of the wind speed at the rear,that the percentage of the reflow area gradually increases along the roadway,and there are three growth stagnation segments corresponding to two vortices near the headway and rear of roadway,and that the average air velocity in the roadway with large section and that in the similar model conform to the similarity ratio,and the experimental data are in good agreement with the simulated data,which shows the effectiveness of the simulation.

Research on effectiveness of reflective rings forsmall radius circle curve road section of expressway tunnels

YANG Libo, DU Zhigang, MA Zhaoyou, XIE Jun, XU Wanwan

2018, 28(8):  149-154.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.08.025

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In order to quantitatively analyze the effectiveness of the linear guidance of the reflective rings for the small radius circular curve section of expressway tunnels,firstly,indoor simulation tests were realized on the psychological software platform of E-prime,and the accuracy rate of curve judgment and judgment time were selected as the evaluation indexes of the driver's curvature perception ability.Twenty testees were put through the experiment to obtain test data.Finally,test data on the testees under different scene conditions were statistically analyzed.The results show that when the number of reflective rings is less than three,the accuracy rate of curve judgment is significantly positively correlated with the number of reflective rings,and there is a significant negative correlation between judgment time and the number of reflective rings,that when the number of reflective rings is more than three,accuracy rate of curve judgment is no longer significantly positively correlated with the number of reflective rings,and the judgment time is not greatly reduced,and that compared with the tunnel driver's field of vision in the program with four chevron alignment sign,the use of three reflective rings in tunnels allows the driver to be capable of making a more accurate judgment of expressway tunnel's line in the small radius circular curve section more quickly.

Public Safety

Evaluation of comprehensive safety capability of refining contractor

WANG Tingchun, ZHANG Yali, SUN Deqing, XU Yang, CHANG Qingtao

2018, 28(8):  155-160.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.08.026

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In order to evaluate of comprehensive safety capability of refining contractors,a systematic management approach and uses a maturity-based model to develop a software that constitutes a comprehensive safety capability evaluation system of refinery contractors was established and two calculation methods were worked out.The system contains 10 primary indicators,60 secondary indicators and 231 inspection items.A software was developed for evaluating the capability and applied to a certain petrochemical enterprise in China.The results indicate that the overall evaluation system can objectively,comprehensively and accurately assesses safety capability of a contractor,achieving the goal of online evaluation,automatic result comparison and dynamic warning.


Early warning of risks in metro deep foundation pit constructionbased on T-S fuzzy neural network

WANG Qiankun, NIAN Chunguang, YANG Dong, ZHANG Yufeng

2018, 28(8):  161-167.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.08.027

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Accurate and quick analysis of warning information is essential to guaranteeing an effective early warning of risks in metro deep foundation pits construction.To avoid the mistakes caused by single index evaluation,arbitrariness of personal decision making,and the interference of different pieces of early-warning information,this paper was aimed at building a T-S fuzzy neural network model.Firstly,the deep excavation project of Huangpuxincheng Station in Wuhan city was investigated and sources of information on risks were identified and screened from two aspects-spatial location and accident warning.Secondly,based on T-S fuzzy neural network,a multi-information fusion model was built,and a large number of samples were selected to train and test the model to improve its effectiveness and generalization.Finally,the warning information integration was made and results were discussed.The results show that the outcome of the model is consistent with the location and the type of the alert-situation,which proves the effectiveness and applicability of the fusion model in the safety precaution of deep foundation pit construction.

Study on stairs evacuation model considering evacuees' flow merging

ZHENG Xiazhong, TIAN Dan, XIE Xueling, CHEN Shu, ZHANG Ming

2018, 28(8):  168-173.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.08.028

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In order to explore the movement rule of evacuees during stairs merging process,and to improve the accuracy of calculation of stairs evacuation time,firstly,based on the social force model,the force conditions of evacuees were analyzed,the momentum equation and energy conservation equation were adopted to compute the change rates of momentum and kinetic energy.A stairs merging flows model was constructed to describe the process of stairs evacuation.Then,a certain stairs evacuation environment was taken as the background,the stairs merging flows time of evacuees was computed by simulating the merging flows process,and the change rule of movement state of evacuees were concluded.The results show that the number of evacuees increases gradually with the increase of time,the stable state is reached at last,and the evacuees movement rate increases first and then decreases,eventually,the evacuees movement rate reach a steady state,that the biggest difference value of evacuation time between floors can be computed by comparing actual evacuation time and the simulated evacuation time,it is 4.4 s,the effectiveness of stairs evacuation model is verified.


A model for emergency rescue path selection underpoor information condition

LI Yanjin, LUO Xia, YOU Yunqing

2018, 28(8):  174-179.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.08.029

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In order to obtain the best emergency rescue path on time when an emergency occurs,an emergency rescue path selection model was built according to the random consistency condition after using the Zadeh fuzzy operators to quantize the fuzziness of links' travel speed and introducing a random dynamic variable to characterize the randomness of link's travel time,which could depict a road network under poor information condition with fuzziness and randomness.The model was transformed into a robust optimization model by mathematical induction,which could be solved by the modified Dijkstra algorithm.The KAUFMAN road network was applied to validate model's effectiveness.The results show that the mean absolute error of links' travel speed based on 2 different fuzzy operators is 6.271 km/h,that compared with traditional methods,a shorter time emergency rescue path can be obtained by using the robust optimal model,and that the model's algorithm complexity is expressed as a polynomial,which makes the model suitable for large gauge road networks.

Earthquake emergency rescue teams assignment model based on time satisfaction and competence

SONG Ye, SONG Yinghua, LIU Dan, WANG Zhe

2018, 28(8):  180-185.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.08.030

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In order to alleviate casualties an earthquake may cause and achieve a better and faster emergency rescue,earthquake emergency rescue teams assignment problems were studied.Time satisfaction and competences of emergency rescue teams located at different rescue sites were considered.An optimization model was built with maximum satisfaction of emergency rescue time and highest competences of emergency rescue teams as the goal.An algorithm case was analyzed and an effective solution method was given.The results show that assignment scheme considering the satisfaction of rescue time and the competences of rescue teams at the same time,different from the schemes only considering a single target,can effectively increase satisfaction of rescue time while ensuring that the emergency rescue teams are qualified for the rescue missions and achieve greater rescue efficiency.

Method for retrieving emergency cases under incomplete information condition

ZHENG Jing, WANG Yingming

2018, 28(8):  186-191.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.08.031

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The emergencies contain incomplete information,if it is not expressed appropriately,the effect of emergency response will be affected adversely.This paper introduces the belief degree distribution to represent the information on emergencies,and presents a method for retrieving emergency cases under the incomplete information condition.Firstly,the proposed method applies the belief degree distribution to represent incomplete information,and builds an optimization model to obtain the score of the distribution grade for determining the attribute value of incomplete information.Then,the case similarities and the utility values of the alternative implementation effect are calculated.Furthermore,the comprehensive utilities of the historical cases are obtained by aggregating case similarities and utilities,and the most effective historical case is retrieved according to the comprehensive utilities.Finally,the method was used for analyzing an example.The results show that the method can be used to deal with the emergency cases containing incomplete information,and the results of the retrieval are more accurate.