Table of Content

28 August 2023, Volume 33 Issue 8

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Safety science theory and safety system science Safety social science and safety management Safety engineering technology Public safety Emergency technology and management Occupational health

Safety science theory and safety system science

Exploration on "combat-oriented" personnel training of safety engineering specialty

ZHU Jianfang, ZHANG Ruixin, ZHANG Licong, SONG Fumei

2023, 33(8):  1-7.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.08.0268

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In order to cultivate students' practical ability and shorten their job adaptation time, six professional ability objectives, such as detection and inspection, hazard identification and evaluation, were summarized according to the specific work content of safety engineering professional technicians. Accordingly, six practical teaching modules were constructed. A total of 28 practical teaching projects were designed under the teaching module, which was sourced from actual job content. These projects were summarized into 10 teaching links according to the knowledge system, which constituted the practical teaching system of safety engineering specialty. To meet the practical requirements of these teaching projects and fully tap the internal and external resources to build a teaching environment that is similar to practical teaching, an "11+1+2" practical teaching base was established. Based on characteristics of teaching staffs, the methods to enhance the practical teaching ability of professional teachers were given. The results show that practical talent cultivation is an effective way to enhance students' practical skills, which requires the support of teaching conditions and teaching environments.

Analysis of functional systems of MASS based on STPA-FCM model

QIN Tingrong, ZHOU Xinjie, HE Xingjie, CHEN Weijiong

2023, 33(8):  8-14.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.08.1571

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In order to analyze the failure mechanism among the functional systems of MASS and improve its navigational safety, STPA and FCM methods were combined to establish a failure analysis model of the functional systems of MASS. The control/feedback relationships of functional systems were modeled using the STPA method. 27 control relationships and 43 feedback relationships were identified. Potential unsafe control action(UCA) and their key causes were analyzed. Then, the FCM method was used to further construct the cognitive map of interaction relationships among functional systems. Finally, the relative failure probability of each functional system would be determined when the FCM reaches its steady state. The results indicate that the core functional systems are the power system, virtual captain system, dynamic positioning system and collision avoidance system, and their stability values account for 7.66%, 7.62%, 7.47% and 7.14%, respectively. Priority should be given to ensuring its reliability, stability, and safety.

Safety social science and safety management

HC-GC human factors analysis model for construction engineering safety accidents caused by heavy rainfall

CHEN Wei, TIAN Yishuai, ZENG Weihua, GUO Daoyuan, ZHAO Zhuoya

2023, 33(8):  15-23.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.08.1948

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In order to reduce the incidence of construction engineering safety accidents caused by heavy rainfall and effectively solve the complex problem of the human factor analysis of such safety accidents, an optimization method of human factor analysis model was proposed. Based on HFACS, an HFACS-CPHRA, including 6 layers and 24 factors, was established. Then GA-CARMA were jointly used to analyze the association of human causes, and draw the chain of human causes of accidents. 150 typical cases of construction accidents caused by heavy rainfall were selected for model verification and application analysis. The results show that the optimized HC-GC model has better performance and efficiency. In the accident human causation chain, the insufficient government department in charge of safety supervision and lack of enterprise safety culture are the deep factor. Site in violation of regulation and security management loophole are the main connection factor, low level of skills and illegal will further strengthen the accident emergency disposition of negative feedback, untimely incident reporting and response is the most direct reason for the expansion and spread of construction engineering accidents caused by heavy rainfall.

Theoretical construction and application of accident-cause-training method

TONG Ruipeng, WANG Biao, SUN Ninghao, HU Xiangyang, WANG Qian

2023, 33(8):  24-29.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.08.0415

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In order to reduce the unsafe behavior of workers and improve the safety performance of field operations, guided by the case teaching and 24Model, combined with the PDCA cycle theory, a behavior-tracing safety training method with Accident-Cause-Training as the relationship chain was constructed, also known as the ACT safety training method. The method used accident cases throughout the training, took advantage of case teaching, and used 24Model to trace the unsafe factors at the organizational and individual levels that led to accidents. It formulated targeted training programs based on the analysis results and verified the practical application of ACT safety training by using the design and implementation of the training system of the limited space operation course as an example. The results show that the number of participants and assessment results are on the rise as a whole during the implementation of the limited space operation training course system, and the enthusiasm of the trainees and the learning effect have been effectively improved, which verifies that the ACT safety training method has good practical effects.

Assessment of unsafe behavior of construction personnel in high-altitude railway projects

MO Junwen, WANG Ruirui, TENG Cangguo

2023, 33(8):  30-38.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.08.1447

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In order to improve the stability and accuracy of the assessment of unsafe behavior of high-altitude railway construction personnel, a psychological measurement scale of unsafe behavior of high-altitude railway construction personnel was compiled from five aspects: safety physiology, safety psychology, safety management, safety environment and safety ability. It was measured for the construction personnel of the Ganqing Tunnel Project of Xicheng Railway. The rough set theory was used to reduce attributes, data mining and calculate the importance of the results. The evaluation system of unsafe behavior level of construction personnel was constructed, and the software Matlab forward cloud generator was used to draw a comprehensive evaluation cloud map of unsafe behavior level to visually express the evaluation results. The results show that the unsafe behavior assessment results obtained by the evaluation system are consistent with the actual situation on site, and the evaluation system can monitor the unsafe behavior of construction personnel at high-altitude areas in real time, which is beneficial to improving the safety behavior level of construction personnel.

Exploration and research of mine multi-element cooperative supervision new thinking in era of big data

FU Ensan, LIU Guangwei, BAI Runcai, ZHANG Jing

2023, 33(8):  39-44.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.08.2035

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In order to solve problems of heavy workload and weak data analysis in our country, based on new technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, 5G, etc., a new idea of intelligent transformation and coordinated development of mine supervision and supervision means was put forward. Firstly, characteristics of mine multi-element cooperative supervision in big data era were analyzed, such as time-space, strong continuity of data collection, strong relevance of data analysis, and overall framework of cooperative supervision was established. Then, based on development form, processing flow and service function of new-type collaborative supervision and supervision, a new data platform of collaborative supervision and supervision service was established. Finally, deep correlation relationship of big data was mined, and service mechanisms were optimized such as accurate law enforcement, guidance on emergency rescue, remote expert diagnosis, real-time risk analysis, and disaster risk early warning. Logical path, behavior path and vertical and horizontal linkage processing flow of mine multi-element cooperative supervision and supervision in big data era were put forward. The results show that: mine risk "Intelligence" rational transformation, data governance and decision-making, risk management and the whole process of management and supervision of innovation path, it will become a new form of supervision and supervision for government departments, scientific research institutes, universities and coal mining enterprises.

Relationship between work safety standardization and industrial accidents in machinery manufacturing enterprises

WANG Xiaojun, ZHANG Lijing, YANG Peng

2023, 33(8):  45-50.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.08.1445

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In order to explore the relationship between the implementation level of work safety standardization in machinery manufacturing enterprises and the incidence of work-related accidents, this article proposes a hypothetical relationship between the work safety standardization evaluation performance, basic management evaluation performance, infrastructure safety condition evaluation performance, the number of safety management personnel, and the incidence of work-related accidents in machinery manufacturing enterprises. The article takes all the enterprises in Jiangsu Province that declare work safety level 2 standardization in a natural year as the basic sample, combines the data from government supervision departments and questionnaire data, and uses the linear regression measurement method to analyze the data and hypothesis testing. The research results show that there is a significant negative correlation between the performance of standardization assessment of work safety, the performance of basic management assessment, the performance of infrastructure safety condition assessment, the number of safety management personnel and the incidence of work-related accidents in machinery manufacturing enterprises.

Safety-civilized measure cost prediction precision study on construction project

WU Fanghao, CHEN Wei, SUN Huizhong, NIU Li, FU Jianhua

2023, 33(8):  51-58.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.08.0829

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In order to precisely measure the safety-civilized measure cost of construction projects, the CBR-MIC-RF prediction model method was suggested. 12 influencing parameters of safety and civilization construction cost were chosen as candidate feature variables using the sample data of 61 typical projects collected through a field study. CBR technique was used to retrieve sample similarities in order to build the training sample set for the model. MIC was used to determine the input feature variables of the main model. On this foundation, three Random Forest models (RF, MIC-RF, and CBR-MIC-RF) were merged, and empirical data was used to analyse their prediction precision. The results show that sample similarity search and identification of key feature variables can significantly improve the prediction precision of RF models (mean absolute percentage error(MAPE) is 3.35%). The model prediction precision varies with the similarity thresholds of different levels, and setting the appropriate similarity thresholds is crucial to improving the prediction effectiveness of the models. The CBR-MIC-RF model can achieve a better prediction performance than the support vector machine model.

Safety engineering technology

Study on effect of temperature on gas flow and coal deformation in whole process

LIN Haifei, CHEN Chen, LONG Hang, SHUANG Haiqing, JI Pengfei, LUO Rongwei

2023, 33(8):  59-67.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.08.2537

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In order to reveal the difference of coal deformation in the whole process of adsorption-desorption-seepage under different temperatures, the self-developed coal-gas fluid-solid coupling experimental system was used to carry out the experiment on the response characteristics of gas adsorption-desorption-seepage and coal deformation in the whole process with various temperature under triaxial stress. The experimental results show that the gas adsorption, permeability and coal deformation in the process all decrease with increasing temperature, and the gas desorption rate increases with increasing temperature. Coal deformation is positively correlated with gas adsorption, desorption and permeability. During the gas adsorption stage, the coal deformation shows a Langmuir-type upward change with adsorption time. In the gas desorption stage, the coal deformation shows an exponential decay trend. And in the gas seepage stage, the coal deformation shows an upward trend of a power function. The temperature effect has a significant influence on the coal deformation in the whole process.

UAV distribution route and flight path collaborative planning based on deep reinforcement learning

WEI Ming, SUN Yaru, SUN Bo, WANG Shengjie

2023, 33(8):  68-76.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.08.0038

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In order to solve the logistics UAV distribution sequence and flight path collaborative planning problems, this paper proposed a bilevel programming model for the collaborative planning of UAV distribution route and flight path, where the locations of depots, customers and shelters on the ground, as well as the difference of UAVs' falling costs, were considered in a rasterized GIS(Geographic Information System). According to the characteristics of the problem, a two-stage hybrid algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning was designed. In the first stage, the deep reinforcement learning algorithm was used to generate the sequential delivery routes of multiple UAVs visiting customers, and A* algorithm was embedded in it. Based on this, the feasible shortest flight path of each UAV was searched in the second stage. Finally, an example was used to calculate the optimal UAV distribution route and its flight path scheme, and analyze the influence of parameter changes on it. Furthermore, our algorithm was further compared with the traditional intelligent algorithm to verify the effectiveness and correctness of the model and algorithm. The results show that: for the example of 30 customer points in the 6 km×6 km area, when the man-machine fall cost threshold is set to 1.4, 5 UAVs with a total flight mileage of 52.5 m are needed to complete the delivery task. Compared with a variety of traditional intelligent algorithms, the solution time is ranked as DRL, GA(Genetic Algorithm), DE(Differential Evolution) and PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) in order from least to most. Especially for large-scale examples, the planning result of DRL has lower operating cost of UAVs, and its average solution and worst solution are far better than intelligent algorithms.

Temperature distribution and smoke transport characteristics of moving body fire in tunnel

AN Weiguang, GUANG Daqing

2023, 33(8):  77-83.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.08.2156

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In order to explore the influence of fire source power on tunnel moving body fire, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software Fluent was used to simulate the temperature distribution and smoke transport characteristics in the tunnel. The prediction model of the maximum and average temperature of the tunnel ceiling with the running distance of the moving body was established. The results show that the greater the fire source power, the higher the ceiling temperature, and the larger the area and influence range of the high temperature zone. The vortex flow formed by entrainment combustion appears behind the fire source, which makes the temperature distribution and smoke transport show different rules from the static fire source in the vertical space. At the same time, the diffusion range and content of smoke increase with the increase of fire source power. During the whole movement process, the highest temperature of the tunnel ceiling has a cubic polynomial function relationship with the running distance of the moving body in the tunnel, while the average temperature has a linear function relationship with it.

Vulnerability assessment of an urban rail transit network considering turn-back operation of trains

HE Mingwei, QIAN Jia, LIU Jie, YIN Yong, ZHAN Shuguang

2023, 33(8):  84-92.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.08.0819

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In order to effectively alleviate the operation interruption of URTN, the vulnerability of a URTN was evaluated by considering trains' turn-back operation. Firstly, the sets of turn-back intervals between any two adjacent turn-back stations in a URTN were identified, and it was specified that any interval interruption in a set makes other intervals in the set to be unusable. Secondly, four vulnerability metrics were constructed to evaluate the structural vulnerability and service vulnerability of a URTN. Then, the improved TOPSIS based on combined weights was used to identify the critical turn-back interval sets that affect the network vulnerability. Finally, taking Wuhan subway network as an example for empirical analysis. The results show that the interruption of a turn-back interval set has a higher negative impact on the URTN's structure performance than service performance. The critical turn-back interval sets play an important role in network connectivity, and their interruption should be avoided to deteriorate the network performance. Considering trains' turn-back operation to reflect the network operation characteristics under interruption, the vulnerability of URTN can be evaluated more reasonably and accurately.

Prediction of airport departure delay based on S2S-CNN-GRU

LI Shanmei, ZHOU Xiangzhi

2023, 33(8):  93-100.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.08.1897

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In order to solve the problem of airport departure delay prediction in air traffic management, the sequence to sequence (S2S) framework was used to combine the Gate Recurrent Unit (GRU) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). A flight delay prediction model based on S2S-CNN-GRU was proposed using the sequence-to-sequence structure. The CNN was used to capture the structural features of airport flight delay status as the input of the encoder, and the GRU was used to capture the time features of the delay status and output the prediction results as the decoder. At the same time, the attention mechanism framework was added to improve the accuracy of prediction. Finally, the effectiveness of this model was tested with the actual data of the United States and compared with other models. The results show that mean absolute error(MAE) of the prediction of this model is 3.03, and root mean square error(RMSE) is 5.82, which is significantly better than the prediction results of other models.

Research on effects of random wind speed and direction on UAV ground risk

SU Chenglin, WANG Zhi, LIU Yang

2023, 33(8):  101-108.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.08.1473

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In order to accurately calculate the ground risk imposed on people after the UAV's crash, a second- order drag model was introduced by considering the wind effects in the air on the UAV's descending process, especially the effects of random wind speed and direction on the crash positions on the ground. A model was built to describe the effects generated by random wind speed and random wind direction. The random wind effects were incorporated into the whole process of the UAV's descent. The actual parameters of the operation scenario and the UAV were used to realize the ground risk assessment by considering multiple factors. The risks to people on the ground that were caused by the effects of random wind speed and direction became the focus, which made the risk assessment and estimation more reliable and authentic. The results prove that the wind in the air would generate a great number of effects on the crash positions on the ground, which further makes the distributions of ground risk quite uneven and the risk values are all above the safety criterion for manned aircraft, which means it is very dangerous when the UAVs are operating in the urban airspace.

Displacement prediction of sudden landslide based on dynamic residual correction LSTM algorithm

TANG Yufeng, HU Guangzhong, ZHOU Shuai

2023, 33(8):  109-116.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.08.1100

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In view of the sudden change of the displacement trend of the sudden landslide and the difficulty of the traditional LSTM method in the accuracy of displacement prediction, this paper proposes a displacement prediction method of the sudden landslide based on the dynamic residual correction LSTM network LSTM algorithm. First, the dynamic flow training was used to decompose the deformation rate obtained from the accumulated displacement into the periodic term and the trend term through EMD. Secondly, the trend term was predicted by polynomial and the period term was predicted by dynamic LSTM, and the main predicted deformation rate was obtained from the sum of the two terms, Subsequently, The residual term was obtained by comparing the measured rate with the main predicted deformation rate, and the residual LSTM network of "dynamic flow training" was established to predict the residual rate. Finally, taking a sudden landslide as an example, the method proposed in this paper was used to predict the displacement of the landslide. The results show that the MAE, MAPE, RMSE, and R² indicators based on the dynamic residual correction LSTM algorithm are 43.843%, 1.901%, 79.394%, and 0.960%, respectively, which are higher than traditional LSTM prediction methods.

Prediction of lightning potential based on LSTM recurrent neural network

WU Ankun, WU Shijun, DING Min, ZHANG Chi, ZHANG Shuxia

2023, 33(8):  117-124.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.08.1529

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This study aims to explore the application of recurrent neural network models in nonlinear prediction and improve the accuracy of thunderstorm potential prediction. An LSTM model was constructed using Guiyang sounding station as an example, and the number of lightning occurrences within a 100 km and 12-hour range around the station was counted. Twenty-three sounding physical parameters with a correlation coefficient (r) of more than 0.8 with lightning activity were obtained and used as sample features for the prediction model. The impact of hyperparameter selection on the model was analyzed. An investigation was carried out into thunderstorm potential forecasting within a 0-24 hour timeframe and its performance was evaluated and compared. The research results indicate that constructing an LSTM network model with a learning rate of 0.000 1, batch sample size of 32, and input sequence length of 10 is beneficial for improving the model's generalization and accelerating its convergence. The model, by inputting 23 sounding physical parameters such as gale index and correction index of the previous 5 days, found that effect of 0-12 hour thunderstorm potential prediction is significantly better than that of 12-24 hour prediction. This model was used to verify the 0-12 hour test data and it was found that the area under curve(AUC) the receiver operating characteristic curve is close to 1, the hit rate is 93.4%, the false alarm rate is 17.4%, the critical success index is 78.1%, and the error rate is only 6.6%, which verifies the effectiveness of the model used.

Study on distribution character of heat regulating ring in roadway surrounding rock: taking Yangchangwan coal mine as an example

ZHANG Jian, ZHANG Pengyan, WEI Jianping, SI Guangyao, XU Bo, XU Zhenguo

2023, 33(8):  125-133.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.08.1857

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In order to study the distribution of the surrounding rock temperature field in the roadway, the surrounding rock temperature was measured by using the deep hole temperature measurement technology near the 937 elevation of return air downhill in 13 mining areas of Yangchangwan coal mine, and borehole sampling was conducted near 430 elevation in 13 mining areas to measure the thermophysical parameters of representative rocks Using COMSOL software to establish a numerical model, the temperature field of the surrounding rock of the tunnel is simulated and compared with the measured results. By changing the ventilation time and airflow characteristics, the influence on the tunnel temperature field was analyzed. The results show that the original rock temperature of the tunnel is 28.3 ℃ and the radius of the heat regulating ring is 32 m through deep hole temperature measurement. According to the numerical simulation, the radius of the heat regulating ring is 30.9 m, and the error with the measured result is 3.4%. With the prolongation of tunnel ventilation time, the disturbance range of surrounding rock increases continuously, and the surrounding rock temperature decreases continuously, and the temperature reduction rate gradually slows down. With the decrease of airflow temperature, the surrounding rock temperature also gradually decreases, and the surrounding rock closer to the roadway wall is affected more obviously by airflow temperature. With the increase of airflow velocity, the surrounding rock temperature will gradually decrease. When the wind speed is greater than 4 m/s, the surrounding rock temperature tends to be stable. The research results can provide a reference for ventilation design and heat damage control of the mine.

Design of traffic safety optimization for expressway tunnel based on linear guidance

ZHENG Haoran, DU Zhigang, WANG Shoushuo, WEN Jingzhou, JIAO Fangtong

2023, 33(8):  134-141.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.08.1180

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In order to alleviate problems of high energy consumption, significant traffic accident losses and difficulties in rescue associated with expressway tunnel lighting, referring to linear lighting technology in the field of architectural lighting, a design method of linear guidance system for highway tunnel was proposed. Considering spatial rights-of-way, driver factorsand driving tasks, an evaluation framework of linear guidance system based on accident prevention was established. Applicability of linear guidance design was analyzed, and an overall optimization approach for expressway tunnel traffic safety was presented. The effectiveness of linear guidance system was validated using tunnel entrance as an example. The results show that by utilizing retroreflection, self-luminous energy storage and Light Emitting Diode(LED) display technologies, visual reference system in expressway tunnels can be reconstructed based on principles of linear guidance. Based on this, multi-layer linear and contour guidance in tunnel space can be realized at low cost, which meets drivers' ability to perceive traffic information under different visual conditions It ensures continuity and consistency of visual guidance, guides drivers to make safe and rational behavioural decisions, decomposes driving tasks, and reduces possibility of driving operation errors. Thus, integration of energy-saving expressway tunnel lighting and traffic safety is achieved.

Analysis of takeover time of automated driving based on survival analysis

WANG Changshuai, XU Chengcheng, SHAO Yongcheng, TONG Hao, PENG Chang

2023, 33(8):  142-148.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.08.1474

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In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the impacts of factors including non-driving related tasks, takeover request lead time, type of takeover events, and traffic volume on takeover time during the automated driving takeover process, an orthogonal experimental design was applied to develop the takeover scenarios. Drivers were recruited to participate in the takeover experiments based on a driving simulator, with driver behavior and vehicle trajectory data collected. Factors' impacts on drivers' takeover time were analyzed, and a random-effect survival duration model was developed to predict takeover time. Results reveal that compared with no secondary tasks, performing the non-driving related tasks increased takeover time significantly. When the takeover request lead time was 4 s, takeover time was shorter than that with 5 and 6 s. Takeover time in the accident car and cut-in events was longer than that for the work zone event. Moreover, larger traffic volume led to shorter takeover time. Compared with the fixed-effects survival analysis model, the random-effects survival analysis model accounted for the unobserved heterogeneity in the data and provided good goodness-of-fitness and prediction accuracy.

Research on inherent safety of chemical process based on fuzzy reasoning-combination weighting

ZHANG Rendong, ZHANG Lijing, TAO Gang

2023, 33(8):  149-155.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.08.1389

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In order to improve the production safety level of chemical enterprises, 10 indexes were selected based on the intrinsic safety index method (ISI), and an intrinsic safety evaluation index system for chemical processes was established. Each evaluation index level was divided, and fuzzy reasoning was carried out with Mamdani fuzzy reasoning method in the Matlab environment. The rule output matrix under each three-level index was established according to the safety grade score value under the four-level index parameters. The sensitivity of fuzzy theoretical intrinsic safety evaluation results was preserved to the maximum extent, and the visual 3D fuzzy inference surface diagram was obtained. In order to accurately evaluate the intrinsic safety evaluation results, an objective function with the minimum distance and both subjective and objective weights was established, and the combined subjective and objective weights of each evaluation index calculated by the normalization method and entropy weight method were optimized to reduce the bias of the combined weight results. This method was applied to evaluate the intrinsic safety degree of four process routes, and the evaluation results were basically consistent with the evaluation methods proposed by predecessors. The research shows that: Based on the fuzzy inference-combination weighting intrinsic safety evaluation method, the distance deviation of subjective and objective weights is minimized while taking into account the subjective and objective weights. The evaluation results of this method are basically consistent with those of previous literature, which proves that this method has certain scientificity and effectiveness.

Public safety

Research on architecture and key technologies of fire rescue technology system based on digital twin

CHEN Changkun, ZHANG Jian, JIAO Weibing, LU Tong

2023, 33(8):  156-163.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.08.1363

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In order to enhance the safety and efficiency of fire rescue operations, this study strategically incorporated cutting-edge information technology and implemented digital twin technology within fire rescue procedures. The paper began by analyzing the hazards encountered by firefighting and rescue personnel during operations. It then introduced the concept and essence of digital twin fire rescue technology, outlining its distinctive characteristics. The 5-layer system architecture of digital twin fire rescue technology was presented, along with an explanation of the methods for aggregation and expansion of the system architecture suitable for rescue processes. The paper further highlighted key technologies of digital twin fire rescue, including mobile positioning technology, digital threading technology, and data-driven modeling technology. The findings demonstrate that the application of digital twin fire rescue technology has the potential to enhance the safety assurance ability of fire rescue personnel and improve the efficiency of rescue operations. By enabling real-time data exchange and information fusion, digital twin fire rescue technology achieves comprehensive integration of twin data, providing more precise decision-making support for rescue operations. The 5-layer system architecture and key technologies of digital twin fire rescue technology effectively establish a connection between physical and virtual entities, facilitating the aggregation and expansion of digital twins and offering robust support for the implementation of digital twin fire rescue.

Vulnerability analysis of metro network from perspective of multi-layer network

MA Zhuanglin, SHAO Yiheng, SHU Lan, YIN Yifan, LI Haoqiang

2023, 33(8):  164-172.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.08.0098

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In order to assess the impact of station failure on metro network structure and service quality and to study the vulnerability of multi-layer network under different attack strategies, considering the characteristics of different lines and heterogeneity among different lines and transfer channels, a multi-layer directed time-weighted metro network model was constructed from the perspective of multi-layer network. The time-weighted edge was calculated by the train interval running time, train stopping time at stations, passenger transfer walking time and passenger waiting time for trains. A double load distribution mechanism of inter-layer and intra-layer stations was proposed, and a comprehensive vulnerability assessment index was proposed. Based on station importance, sequential and simultaneous attack strategies were used to assess the vulnerability of metro network after station failure. Finally, the Xi'an metro network in 2021 was taken as an example to verify the validity. The results show that the multi-layer metro network model is more practical than the single-layer metro network. In the sequential attack strategy, the optimal values of station capacity adjusted parameters a and b are 0.3 and 0.8, respectively. Compared with the strategy of attacking a single station sequentially, simultaneously attacking strategy leads to worse network vulnerabilities.

Research hotspots and frontiers of foreign resilient community based on CiteSpace

KONG Na'na, WANG Xiaoyan

2023, 33(8):  173-181.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.08.0265

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In order to systematically explore the research results and progress of foreign resilient community, 203 papers published in Web of Science from 2004 to 2020 were selected as sample data. The number of publications, authors, countries and regions of foreign resilient communities were analyzed with the help of CiteSpace visualization software combined with bibliometric methods. The hotspots and frontier trends were revealed in terms of keyword clustering and emergent word extraction. The results show that the number of literatures about resilient communities is steadily increasing. The authors and the research countries (regions) have basically formed a cooperative network. The main research hotspots are to define the connotation of resilient community concept, construct the evaluation system of resilient community, and explore the content of resilient community under multiple dimensions. The research frontiers are mainly divided into 3 categories: incremental, decremental and latest type. In the future, research on resilient communities will focus on improving policies and regulations and community planning, creating a disaster preparedness culture centered on improving resilience, and strengthening information support.

Research on reliability optimization of airport passenger security system

ZHAO Zhenwu, WANG Junjie, ZHANG Yi

2023, 33(8):  182-189.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.08.1356

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In order to improve the reliability of the airport passenger security system, the dual-device parallel security system was adopted. The security system consisted of a walk-through metal door and the millimeter wave body imaging device. According to the performance indicators of each equipment and passenger allocation rules, the system's false clear rate and false alarm rate were constructed by using probability theory. Formulating an optimization model of minimizing false clear rate, the particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm was used to solve problems limited by false alarm rate and device inspection time. The results show that using optimal decision variables can make the minimum false clear rate fluctuate in the range of 0.008 5-0.01. When the proportion of passengers carrying threat items increases, the minimum false clear rate will increase. When the upper limit of false alarm rate increases, the minimum false clear will first decrease and then stabilize.

Influencing factors on severity of vehicle-pedestrian conflict at unsignalized intersections

ZHANG Mingfang, MA Yanhua, MA Yong

2023, 33(8):  190-197.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.08.1084

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In order to improve the crossing efficiency at unsignalized intersections and the safety of pedestrian crossings, K-means++ algorithm was used to cluster the conflict indicators to determine the severity of vehicle-pedestrian conflict. Severe multicollinearity and insignificant influencing factors were eliminated by multi-collinearity test and Pearson correlation analysis, and then the influencing factors were ranked. Multiple ordered Logistic regression algorithm was used to compare and analyze the specific influence of each significant independent factor on the severity of vehicle-pedestrian conflicts. The results show that the severity of vehicle-pedestrian conflicts can be divided into severe, general and minor conflicts by taking time to collision, gap time and deceleration to safety time as conflict indicators. The influence of gender, distracted behavior, waiting time, average crossing speed and whether accompanied by others on the severity of conflict decreased successively among the pedestrian characteristics. Headway, driving intention and vehicle type have significant effects on the severity of conflict among the vehicle characteristics.

Evaluation of urban resilience based on PSR model and information sensitivity: a case study of Beijing

WANG Qifei, ZHAO Yihan, ZHANG Hui, WANG Jian, WANG Yafei

2023, 33(8):  198-204.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.08.0149

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In order to make a comprehensive and effective judgment on the development of urban resilience, it is essential to construct a scientific and reasonable evaluation index system of urban resilience. Based on the PSR model, this paper initially established the urban resilience evaluation index system covering 68 primary indicators, and the index system was optimized by information sensitivity and Pearson correlation analysis. Finally, the weight of each indicator was determined by CRITIC, and an evaluation model was developed using the comprehensive index method. Taking Beijing as an example, according to the data from 2010-2021, an index system with 31 indicators was obtained, and the urban resilience was evaluated and analyzed. The results show that urban resilience of Beijing has shown an overall upward trend from 2010-2021, with the index increasing from 0.436 7 in 2010 to 0.558 6 in 2021. The result shows the model can figure out the weak link in the city under emergency with the constructed model and evaluation index system, which is beneficial for the relevant departments to put forward the strengthening-resilience suggestions.

Water quality safety risk assessment method for water supply network in mountainous cities

WANG Ying, WANG Pu, WANG Zixuan, WANG Fengqing, WANG Liangchao, ZHANG Jin

2023, 33(8):  205-211.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.08.2146

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In order to deal with the water pollution incidents of the water supply network in a timely and effective manner and reduce the harm caused by water pollution of the water supply network, taking the water quality safety of water supply network as the breakthrough point, the factors affecting the water quality of the water supply network were systematically analyzed, and the comprehensive evaluation system of water quality safety risk of urban water supply network nodes was constructed. FAHP was used to quantitatively calculate the influencing factors of hydraulic, water quality, pipeline and location, and the evaluation weight matrix W was obtained. Combined with the basic data of some water supply networks in a district of Chongqing, the Epanet and 1stOpt models were coupled to realize the quasi-dynamic simulation of the hydraulic and water quality conditions of the water supply network in this area, and then the water quality risk index of each node of the water supply network was obtained. The evaluation results show that the water quality risk indexes of 127 nodes in the water supply network of a district in Chongqing are 0.196, 0.286,…, 0.137 and 0.420, among which the low, medium and high-risk nodes account for 88.2%, 7.9% and 3.9% of the total nodes respectively. This method can consider the influence factors of hydraulic, water quality, pipeline and location at the same time, and quantitatively evaluate the water quality safety risk of each node in the water supply network, which can solve the problem that it is difficult to quantitatively evaluate the water quality safety of the current water supply network.

Emergency technology and management

Quadratic scheduling of emergency materials considering horizontal transportation under natural disasters

CHEN Weijiong, ZHAN Weiwei, KANG Yutao, ZHANG Shanjie, ZHANG Yang, HAN Weijia

2023, 33(8):  212-218.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.08.1527

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In view of the abruptness of natural disasters and their secondary disasters, which make the information transmission at the disaster-affected points lag and fuzzy, resulting in the shortage of emergency supplies at the disaster-affected points, horizontal transportation had been introduced for coordinated scheduling of emergency materials between disaster sites in this paper. The WRSR comprehensive evaluation method was used to calculate the urgency of material as a basis for material scheduling orders in disaster-affected points that were insufficient. The random road traffic rate coefficient was introduced to address the impact of post-disaster road damage on scheduling time and cost. With the goal of minimizing time and cost, a quadratic scheduling model for emergency materials considering lateral transportation was constructed. The genetic algorithm was used to solve the model, and the results were compared with those of no horizontal transfer scheduling. The results show that the introduction of horizontal transfer between disaster-affected points effectively reduces the scheduling time and cost, shortens the "empty window period" of emergency materials at disaster-affected points, and improves the efficiency of emergency logistics and the resilience of the emergency materials distribution network.

Occupational health

A review of research on occupational hygiene risk assessment and management of pharmaceutical dusts

LI Sicong, XU Tao

2023, 33(8):  219-230.  doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.08.0904

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In order to improve the prevention and control system of occupational hazards of pharmaceutical dust in China and ensure occupational health of workers and sustainable development of pharmaceutical industry, the occupational hazards were investigated by briefly reviewing the cases of occupational exposure to pharmaceutical dusts that led to adverse health effects domestic and overseas. The research history and achievements of risk assessment and risk management of pharmaceutical dust were summarized, and further advice was provided based on the current research status of China. The results show that pharmaceutical dust is toxic, allergenic, carcinogenic and reproductive toxic, but it has not been paid attention to in China. Although the pharmaceutical industry as a whole has basically established a framework for risk assessment and management of pharmaceutical dust, many details still need to be improved. The research on pharmaceutical dust in China is in the initial stage, which is not deep and comprehensive enough, and there are still many problems to be further explored together.