驾驶人危险感知能力影响因素及干预方式综述

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.02.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究外部干预对驾驶人危险感知能力的作用效果,梳理不同理论描述驾驶人危险感知过程,并总结驾驶人危险感知行为机制;然后,从危险感知行为要素出发,分析驾驶风格、驾驶经验、交通环境、驾驶状态对危险感知能力的影响;其次,介绍5种危险感知能力干预方式的研究成果,归纳各方式特点;最后,从干预效果持续性、评价指标、迁移效应等方面总结现有研究的局限性及发展方向,并给出相关建议。结果表明:有必要搭建我国典型的交通危险场景数据库,并设计标准的危险感知能力测试体系,制定相关的政策法规,以提高驾驶人危险感知能力测试的影响力,提升我国驾驶人整体危险感知能力水平。

关键词: 驾驶人, 危险感知能力, 影响因素, 干预方式, 驾驶安全

Abstract:

In order to investigate effects of external intervention on drivers' hazard perception ability. Firstly, description of hazard perception process by different theories were sorted out and perception behavior mechanism was analyzed. Secondly, influence of affecting factors on hazard perception was analyzed, including driving style, driving experience, traffic environment and driving state. Then, research results of five different intervention methods with their features were introduced. Finally, limitations of existing researches were analyzed from the aspects of duration of intervention effect, evaluation index and transfer effect, and future development direction was discussed. The results show that it is significant to build a database of typical traffic hazard scenes in China and design a standard perception test system as well as formulate relevant regulations so as to improve Chinese drivers' general hazard perception ability.

Key words: driver, hazard perception ability, affecting factor, intervention method, driving safety

乔洁, 徐鑫, 刘传攀, 赵俊玮, 刘永涛. 驾驶人危险感知能力影响因素及干预方式综述[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(2): 34-41.

QIAO Jie, XU Xin, LIU Chuanpan, ZHAO Junwei, LIU Yongtao. Review on affecting factors and intervention methods of drivers' hazard perception ability[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(2): 34-41.

图/表 3

参考文献 38

[1]	PARKER D, REASON J T, MANSTEAD A R, et al. Driving error, driving violations and accident involvement[J]. Ergonomics, 1995, 38(5):1036-1048. doi: 10.1080/00140139508925170
[2]	BENDA H V, HOYOS C G. Estimating hazard in traffic situations[J]. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1983, 15(1):1-9. doi: 10.1016/0001-4575(83)90002-7
[3]	MCCARTT A T, MAYHEW D R, BRAITMAN K A, et al. Effects of age and experience on young driver crash: review of recent literature[J]. Traffic Injury Prevention, 2009, 10:209-219. doi: 10.1080/15389580802677807
[4]	曾诚, 吴初娜, 孟兴凯. 驾驶人危险辨识进展研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2016, 26(12):74-79.
	ZENG Cheng, WU Chu'na, MENG Xingkai. A review of progress in studying drivers' hazard perception[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2016, 26(12):74-79.
[5]	ENDSLEY M. Toward a theory of situation awareness in dynamic systems[J]. Human Factor, 1995, 37(1):32-64. doi: 10.1518/001872095779049543
[6]	UNDERWOOD G, CHAPMAN P, BOWDEN K, et al. Visual search while driving: skill and awareness during inspection of the scene[J]. Transportation Research Part F, 2002, 5(2):87-97. doi: 10.1016/S1369-8478(02)00008-6
[7]	DEERY H. Hazard and risk perception among young novice drivers[J]. Journal of Safety Research, 1999, 30(4):225-236. doi: 10.1016/S0022-4375(99)00018-3
[8]	GRAYSON G B, MAYCOCK G, GROEGER J A, et al. Risk, hazard perception and perceived control[R]. Transport Research Laboratory, 2003.
[9]	杨京帅, 王文亮, 苏薇, 等. 驾驶人危险感知建模与实验解析[J]. 东南大学学报:自然科学版, 2014, 44(6):1304-1308.
	YANG Jingshuai, WANG Wenliang, SU Wei, et al. Drivers' hazard perception modeling and experimental analysis[J]. Journal of Southeast University :Natural Science Edition, 2014, 44(6):1304-1308.
[10]	EBOLI L, MAZZULLA G, PUNGILLO G. How to define the accident risk level of car drivers by combining objective and subjective measures of driving style[J]. Transportation Research Part F, 2017, 49:29-38. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2017.06.004
[11]	TAUBMAN-BEN-ARI O, MIKULINCER M, GILLATH O, et al. The multidimensional driving style inventory-scale construct and validation[J]. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2004, 36(3):323-332. doi: 10.1016/S0001-4575(03)00010-1
[12]	LIANG Bo, LIN Yingzi. Using physiological and behavioral measurements in a picture-based road hazard perception experiment to classify risky and safe drivers[J]. Transportation Research Part F, 2018, 58:93-105. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2018.05.024
[13]	CRUNDALL D, UNDERWOOD G. Effects of experience and processing demands on visual information acquisition in drivers[J]. Ergonomics, 1998, 41(4):448-458. doi: 10.1080/001401398186937
[14]	SHAHAR A, ALBERTI C, CLARKE D, et al. Hazard perception as a function of target location and the field of view[J]. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2010, 42:1577-1584. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2010.03.016
[15]	ALBERTI C, SHAHAR A, CRUNDALL D. Are experienced drivers more likely than novice drivers to benefit from driving simulations with a wide field of view?[J]. Transportation Research Part F, 2014, 27:124-132. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2014.09.011
[16]	吴付威, 王鑫, 王畅. 城市道路驾驶人横向避险特性研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2018, 28(8):7-12. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.08.02
	WU Fuwei, WANG Xin, WANG Chang. Research on lateral risk avoidance characteristics of drivers on urban roads[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2018, 28(8):7-12. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.08.02
[17]	CRUNDALL D, CHAPMAN P, TRAWLEY S, et al. Some hazards are more attractive than others: drivers of varying experience respond differently to different types of hazard[J]. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2012, 45:600-609. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2011.09.049
[18]	MOSKOWITZ H, FIORENTINO D. A review of the literature on the effects of low doses of alcohol on driving-related skills[R]. Washington DC, U.S. Department of Transportation, 2000.
[19]	DEERY H A, LOVE A W. The effect of a moderate dose of alcohol on the traffic hazard perception profile of young drink-drivers[J]. Addiction, 1996, 91(6):815-827. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1996.tb03577.x
[20]	REBECCA L H, MARILYN A H. Cannabis effects on driving skills[J]. Clinical Chemistry, 2013, 59(3):478-492. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2012.194381
[21]	李都厚, 刘群, 袁伟, 等. 疲劳驾驶与交通事故关系[J]. 交通运输工程学报, 2010, 10(2):104-109.
	LI Duhou, LIU Qun, YUAN Wei, et al. Relationship between fatigue driving and traffic accident[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2020, 10(2):104-109.
[22]	张殿业, 程静, 张艺. 情绪对驾驶行为影响研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2018, 28(10):19-24. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.10.004
	ZHANG Dianye, CHENG Jing, ZHANG Yi. Influences of emotions on driving behaviors[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2018, 28(10):19-24. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.10.004
[23]	MCKENNA F, HORSWILL M, ALEXANDER J, et al. Does anticipation training affect drivers' risk taking?[J]. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied, 2006, 12(1):1-10. doi: 10.1037/1076-898X.12.1.1
[24]	YOUNG A, CRUNDALL D, CHAPMAN P. Commentary driver training: effects of commentary exposure, practice and production on hazard perception and eye movements[J]. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2017, 101:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2017.01.007
[25]	PRADHAN A, FISHER D, POLLATSEK A, et al. Field evaluation of a risk awareness and perception training program for younger drivers[C]. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 2006:2388-2391.
[26]	MEIR A, BOROWSKY A, ORON-GILAD T. Formation and evaluation of act and anticipate hazard perception training (AAHPT) intervention for young novice drivers[J]. Traffic Injury Prevention, 2014, 15(2):172-180. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2013.802775
[27]	ISLER R, STARKEY N, SHEPPARD P. Effects of higher-order driving skill training on young, inexperienced drivers' on-road driving performance[J]. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2011, 43(5):1818-1827. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2011.04.017
[28]	KATILA A, KESKINEN E, HATAKKA M, et al. Does increased confidence among novice drivers imply a decrease in safety? the effects of skid training on slippery road accidents[J]. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2004, 36:543-550. doi: 10.1016/S0001-4575(03)00060-5
[29]	BIASSONI F, BALZAROTTI S, CICERI M. The contribution of safe driving training in educating drivers to risk Perception[J]. Procedia Manufacturing, 2015, 3:3333-3338. doi: 10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.489
[30]	WANG Yanbin, ZHANG Wei, SALVENDY G. A comparative study of two hazard handling training methods for novice drivers[J]. Traffic Injury Prevention, 2010, 11:483-491. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2010.489242
[31]	VLAKVELD W, ROMOSER M, MEHRANIAN H, et al. Do crashes and near crashes in simulator-based training enhance novice drivers' visual search for latent hazards?[J]. Transportation Research Record, 2011, 2265:153-160. doi: 10.3141/2265-17
[32]	ABELE L, HAUSTEIN S, MARTINUSSEN L, et al. Improving drivers' hazard perception in pedestrian-related situations based on a short simulator-based intervention[J]. Transportation Research Part F, 2019, 62:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2018.12.013
[33]	ALLEN R, PARK R, COOK M. The effect of driving simulator fidelity on training effectiveness[C]. Driving Simulation Conference, 2008:1-15.
[34]	ZAKRAJSEK J, SHOPE J, GREENSPAN A, et al. Effectiveness of a brief parent-directed teen driver safety intervention (Checkpoints) delivered by driver education instructors[J]. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2013, 53:27-33.
[35]	CARNEY C, MCGEHEE D V, LEE J D, et al. Using an event-triggered video intervention system to expand the supervised learning of newly licensed adolescent drivers[J]. American Journal of Public Health, 2010, 100(6):1101-1106. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.165829
[36]	LANNING B, MELTON K, ABEL N. The impact of a supplemental drivers' education program on teenage risk perception and driving behaviors[J]. Transportation Research Part F, 2018, 58:442-451. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2018.06.019
[37]	SWINBURNE S. Evaluation of an insight driver-training program for young drivers[R]. Monash University Accident Research Centre, 2001.
[38]	艾倩楠. 基于驾驶员指标的驾驶员风险感知水平评价[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2018, 28(12):144-149. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.12.023
	AI Qiannan. Driver risk perception level evaluation based on driver's index[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2018, 28(12):144-149. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.12.023

要素	定义
感知能力	驾驶人对外部信息的获取与处理能力,以对信息获取与处理的速率指标
反应敏感度	驾驶人对外部环境的危险程度的容忍临界范围,以危险度反应阈值为指标
危险认知	驾驶人对危险事件的主观认知,以驾驶人对事件威胁程度判断为指标
认知资源分配	驾驶人将认知资源分配于不同任务,以分配合理性为指标
车辆操纵能力	驾驶人对驾驶技巧的熟练程度,以危险状况下执行正确操作的能力为指标