风险态度量表的中文版修订及应用

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.10.1479

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为测量个体的风险态度,减少不安全行为,修订中文版风险态度量表,讨论在我国文化下该量表的结构;发放250份风险态度调查问卷,回收有效问卷220份,运用SPSS软件分析回收的问卷,并检验其信度和效度。结果表明:修订后的风险态度量表由主动接受风险的态度、趋近接受风险的态度、规避风险的态度、拒绝风险的态度4个因子组成,共32个条目,累计贡献率为75.43%;该量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.796,具有较好的信度;量表的卡方自由度比(CMIN/df)为1.832,增值拟合指数(IFI)为0.905,相对拟合优度指数(CFI)为0.904,均方根残差(RMR)为0.038,近似误差均方根(RMSEA)为0.049,量表结构效度较好;经过专家和相关学者的非结构化访谈,修改和删除部分条目,量表内容效度较好。

关键词: 风险态度量表, 中文版, 信效度, 建筑工人, 因素分析

Abstract:

In order to measure individual risk attitude of and reduce unsafe behavior, the Chinese version of the risk attitude scale was revised to discuss the structure of the scale in Chinese culture. A total of 250 risk attitude questionnaires were distributed and 220 valid questionnaires were collected. The reliability and validity of the questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS software. The results show that the revised risk attitude scale consist of four factors: attitude towards risk acceptance, attitude towards approaching risk acceptance, attitude towards risk avoidance and attitude towards risk rejection. with a total of 32 items, and the cumulative contribution rate is 75.43%. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale is 0.796, with good reliability. The chi-square degree of freedom ratio (CMIN/DF) of the scale is 1.832, the increment fitting index (IFI) is 0.905, the comparative fit index (CFI) is 0.904, the root of mean square residual (RMR) is 0.038, and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) is 0.049, indicating that the scale has good structural validity. Through unstructured interviews with experts and related scholars, some items are modified and deleted, and the content validity of the scale is good.

Key words: risk attitude scale, Chinese version, reliability and validity, construction worker, factor analysis

刘晋, 沈浩, 刘卓慧, 陈思同, 熊志向, 潘川. 风险态度量表的中文版修订及应用[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(10): 25-30.

LIU Jin, SHEN Hao, LIU Zhuohui, CHEN Sitong, XIONG Zhixiang, PAN Chuan. Revision and application of Chinese version of risk attitude scale[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(10): 25-30.

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按题项数分组	实验样本数	Cronbach's α系数
(卷A)10项	12	0.224
(卷B)32项	13	0.949
(卷C)100项	13	0.701
(卷D)245项	12	0.597

名称	样本量	平均值	标准差	t值	Cohen's d 值
1	50	1.405	0.498	17.175	2.824
2	50	1.243	0.435	17.386	2.858
3	50	1.297	0.463	17.030	2.800
4	50	1.135	0.347	19.922	3.275
5	50	1.216	0.417	17.726	2.914
6	50	1.730	0.450	23.369	3.842
名称	样本量	平均值	标准差	t值	Cohen's d 值
7	50	1.270	0.450	17.162	2.821
8	50	1.027	0.164	38.000	6.247
9	50	1.270	0.450	17.162	2.821
10	50	1.703	0.463	22.352	3.675
11	50	1.108	0.315	21.412	3.520
12	50	1.270	0.450	17.162	2.821
13	50	1.297	0.463	17.030	2.800
14	50	1.378	0.492	17.053	2.803
15	50	1.649	0.484	20.721	3.406
16	50	1.270	0.450	17.162	2.821
17	50	1.622	0.492	20.062	3.298
18	50	1.514	0.507	18.169	2.987
19	50	1.324	0.475	16.974	2.791
20	50	1.676	0.475	21.477	3.531
21	50	1.081	0.277	23.764	3.907
22	50	1.676	0.475	21.477	3.531
23	50	1.649	0.484	20.721	3.406
24	50	1.216	0.417	17.726	2.914
25	50	1.297	0.463	17.030	2.800
26	50	1.216	0.417	17.726	2.914
27	50	1.027	0.164	38.000	6.247
28	50	1.297	0.463	17.030	2.800
29	50	1.216	0.417	17.726	2.914
30	50	1.649	0.484	22.352	3.406
31	50	1.346	0.365	20.646	2.745
32	50	1.488	0.468	23.974	2.961

维度	题项
主动接受风险	我常常喝酒
	我接受一份更舒适的工作,而不是一份高薪资但奔波劳碌的工作
	我每天抽烟
	我曾试图改变朋友对事物的看法
	我在一个晚上喝5杯或5杯以上的酒
	当需要同事签字但其又不在时,我愿意帮他签字
	我认为在喝了一杯酒后开车回家并不会对自己的驾驶能力造成影响
	我对于爱吃的东西从不忌口
维度	题项
趋近接受风险	我愿意将年收入的30%来买走势稳定的基金
	我愿意将收入的10%来购买保险
	在回答问题时,我会主动探寻并使用别人的答案
	我愿意吃部分过期食品
	我会和一个不太了解的人合租
	我愿意将年收入的10%来买前景不错的股票
	我愿意搬到一个新城市
规避风险	我会避免混淆自己的收入和支出
	我会避免在同事面前公开反对我的领导
	在工作中我尽量避免穿着随意的或非常规的衣服
	我会避免将一个月的收入借给朋友
	在一个重大问题上我会避免与家人意见不同
	身体出现不适,我不忌讳去医院
	我会刻意避免购买盗版
	我避免直接向领导要求加薪
	我会避免做一份没有基础工资的工作
	我知道烟雾报警器并尝试避开
拒绝风险	我不会使用一天的收入拿来买彩票
	在保证工作环境稳定的情况下,安全防护装备仍然有很大的作用
	当坐在汽车前排时我从不会忘记系安全带
	有的药品能治我的病,但极有可能产生副作用,我不会服用
	办公用品不可以私用
	我不是个花钱冲动而不考虑后果的人
	我不曾尝试入店行窃小件物品

项目探索性因素	主动接受态度		趋近接受态度		规避风险态度		拒绝风险态度
	序号	因子载荷	序号	因子载荷	序号	因子载荷	序号	因子载荷
		30	0.841	7	0.772	2	0.808	1	0.814
		5	0.792	29	0.771	3	0.801	21	0.797
		6	0.788	9	0.762	4	0.797	8	0.786
		16	0.742	24	0.757	23	0.777	25	0.776
		14	0.741	10	0.747	20	0.761	11	0.772
		28	0.721	13	0.740	32	0.757	18	0.726
		15	0.716	12	0.727	17	0.744	27	0.711
		26	0.711	—	—	22	0.734	—	—
		—	—	—	—	31	0.732	—	—
		—	—	—	—	19	0.730	—	—
特征值	—	7.364	—	6.158	—	5.046	—	3.971
贡献率/%	—	30.01	—	20.57	—	15.54	—	9.31
累计贡献率/%	—	30.01	—	50.58	—	66.12	—	75.43

分变量(条目数)	Cronbach's α系数
主动接受态度(8)	0.793
趋近接受态度(7)	0.781
规避风险态度(10)	0.812
拒绝风险态度(7)	0.785