考虑机组电流安全的新型碳刷装置稳定性研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.S1.0038

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为保证碳刷与转子的有效接触面积,减少电火花现象的发生,提出一种新型碳刷磨抛装置。结合间隙机构的动态建模机制,采用无质量虚拟杆法的旋转副内部间隙表征方法,建立含间隙连杆连续接触动力学方程,使用Matlab进行求解,研究转动副间隙和曲柄转速对含间隙连杆机构动态稳定性的影响。采用10 r/min的低转速进行姿态调整,并且转动副内的配合间隙应控制在±0.2 mm以内,减小配合间隙与转速对其动态性能的影响,通过对碳刷姿态的调整,提高碳刷机构动态稳定性。结果表明:同样的曲柄转速及结构参数条件下,转动副间隙越小,姿态调整机构的动态稳定性越好;在间隙不变的情况下,摇杆转速越慢,姿态调整机构的动态稳定性越好。

关键词: 新型碳刷, 稳定性, 姿态调整, 转动副间隙, 曲柄转速

Abstract:

To ensure the effective contact area between the carbon brush and the rotor and reduce the occurrence of electric sparks, a new type of carbon brush grinding and polishing device was proposed. Based on the dynamic modeling principle of the clearance mechanism, a method for characterizing the internal clearance between the rotating pairs by using the massless virtual rod method was adopted to establish the continuous contact dynamic equation of the connecting rod with clearance. MATLAB was used to solve the equation, and the influence of the clearance between the rotating pairs and the speed of the crankshaft on the dynamic stability of the connecting rod mechanism with clearance was studied. In order to reduce the influence of fitting clearance and speed on its dynamic performance, a low speed of 10 r/min was used for attitude adjustment, and the fitting clearance between the rotating pairs should be controlled within ± 0.2 mm. By adjusting the posture of the carbon brush, the dynamic stability of the carbon brush mechanism was improved. The results show that under the same speed of the crankshaft and structural parameter conditions, smaller clearance between the rotating pairs indicates better dynamic stability of the attitude adjustment mechanism. Under the condition of constant clearance, a slower speed of the crankshaft indicates better dynamic stability of the attitude adjustment mechanism.

Key words: new type of carbon brush, stability, attitude adjustment, clearance between rotating pairs, speed of crankshaft

中图分类号:

X934

刘鹏, 魏德志, 辛昊天. 考虑机组电流安全的新型碳刷装置稳定性研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(S1): 219-225.

LIU Peng, WEI Dezhi, XIN Haotian. Research on stability of a new carbon brush device considering unit current safety[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(S1): 219-225.

图/表 11

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

表1

图9

图10

参考文献 17

[1]	楼康标. 碳刷排列更换和型式对直流电机火花影响的探讨[J]. 设备管理与维修, 2017(7):94-95.
[2]	郭艺丹. 发电机碳刷打火的原因分析及预防措施[J]. 科技视界, 2016(6):79.
[3]	李庆健, 柏通, 张津鹏, 等. 基于新型装置的碳刷高质量适形研磨机制研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(增2): 209-215.
	LI Qingjian, BAI Tong, ZHANG Jinpeng, et al. Research on mechanism of high-quality conformal grinding of carbon brushes based on a new device[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(S2):209-215. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.S2.0026
[4]	冯雅薇, 魏庆朝. 直线电机轮轨交通系统安全性分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2004, 14(8): 7-11.
	FENG Yawei, WEI Qingchao. Safety analysis of the linear motor wheel-rail system[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2004, 14(8): 7-11.
[5]	吴德庆. 电机碳刷的研磨方法:CN104985508B[P].2017-04-12.
[6]	陈传音, 项兴华, 吕延春, 等. 智能碳刷研磨装置:CN209273190U[P].2019-08-20.
[7]	柳彬, 姚川, 谢可兵. 一种便携式船用碳刷曲面研磨装置的设计与实现[J]. 机电设备, 2019, 36(6):51-54.
	LIU Bin, YAO Chuan, XIE Kebing. Design and implementation of curve-grinding device for a portable marine carbon brush[J]. Mechanical and Electrical Equipment, 2019, 36(6):51-54.
[8]	韩佳欣. 基于图像识别的机械臂电刷研磨方法研究[D]. 阜新: 辽宁工程技术大学, 2023.
	HAN Jiaxin. Research on brush grinding method of robot arm based on image recognition[D]. Fuxin:Liaoning Technical University, 2023.
[9]	周东宁, 李光. 一种直流电机电刷配磨装置:CN110774145A[P].2020-02-11.
[10]	李宁瑞, 康超, 徐进, 等. 电刷再成型影响因素分析[J]. 现代工业经济和信息化, 2022, 12(6): 332-333.
	LI Ningrui, KANG Chao, XU Jin, et al. Analysis of factors influencing brush reshaping[J]. Modern Industrial Economy and Informationization, 2022, 12(6): 332-333.
[11]	WANG Tingzhang, WU Chunya, LIU Henan, et al. On-machine electric discharge truing of small ball-end fine diamond grinding wheels[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2019,277:DOI:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2019.116472.
[12]	JOURANI A, DURSAPT M, HAMDI H, et al. Effect of the belt grinding on the surface texture: modeling of the contact and abrasive wear[J]. Wear, 2005, 259(7/8/9/10/11/12):1 137-1 143.
[13]	ZHANG Xiang, KUHLENKOTTER B, KNEUPNER K. An efficient method for solving the Signorini problem in the simulation of free-form surfaces produced by belt grinding[J]. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 2005, 45(6):641-648.
[14]	REN X, CABARAVDIC M, ZHANG X, et al. A local process model for simulation of robotic belt grinding[J]. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 2007, 47(6):962-970.
[15]	李贞靖. 含轴承间隙的机构动力学模拟及控制问题研究[D]. 青岛: 青岛理工大学, 2018.
	LI Zhenjing. Study on dynamic simulation and control problems of mechanism with bearing clearance[D]. Qingdao: Qingdao University of Technology, 2018.
[16]	朱爱斌, 何胜利, 邹超, 等. 考虑接触刚度的含间隙铰接副动态磨损分析[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2016, 50(5):12-18.
	ZHU Aibin, HE Shengli, ZOU Chao, et al. Dynamic wear analysis of clearance joint considering contact stiffness[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2016, 50(5): 12-18.
[17]	冯祥雷. 含间隙机构动态特性分析与实验研究[D]. 秦皇岛: 燕山大学, 2015.
	FENG Xianglei. Dynamic characteristics analysis and experimental research of the mechanism with clearance[D]. Qinhuangdao: Yanshan University, 2015.

构件	长度/m	质量/kg	转动惯量/ (kg·m²)
曲柄	0.06	0.11	0.015
连杆	0.17	0.34	0.06
摇杆	0.15	0.31	0.075
机架	0.25	0.52	0