五方责任主体建设工程安全影响网络实证

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.04.1638

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为有效预防施工安全事故,基于复杂网络拓扑特征,揭示五方责任主体安全责任的非线性耦合作用机制,基于事故案例,构建五方责任主体的安全责任网络模型。首先,分析相关法规标准及文献,提取出各方责任主体的安全责任清单,构建责任矩阵;然后,利用Neo4j软件绘制五方责任主体对建设工程安全影响网络图;最后,利用拓扑指标从多个维度探讨五方责任主体之间的相互影响关系。结果表明:建设单位在工程安全中起着核心主导作用,对施工单位的影响尤为显著;施工单位的影响主要集中在组织内部,其责任落实容易受其他主体影响;勘察设计单位主要通过建设单位对其他主体产生间接影响;监理单位通过监督和反馈机制在系统中发挥平衡与调节功能。建设单位关键决策节点与施工单位被动响应因素的识别,为实施主体差异化管理提供网络拓扑学依据。

关键词: 五方责任主体, 建设工程, 网络模型, 安全责任, 事故预防

Abstract:

In order to effectively prevent construction safety accidents, a safety responsibility network model of the five responsible parties was developed based on complex network topology characteristics to reveal the nonlinear coupling mechanism of their safety responsibilities, supported by accident case studies. First, relevant regulations, standards, and literature were analyzed to extract safety responsibility checklists for each party, and a responsibility matrix was constructed. Subsequently, Neo4j software was utilized to visualize the network diagram illustrating the safety influence relationships among the five parties in construction projects. Finally, topological metrics were applied to explore the interdependencies between the parties across multiple dimensions. The results indicate that the construction client plays a central and dominant role in project safety, with particularly significant influence on the contractor. The contractor's impact is primarily concentrated within its organizational boundaries, and its responsibility implementation is susceptible to external influences from other parties. The survey and design units indirectly affect other parties through the construction client. The supervision unit maintains systemic balance and regulation through monitoring and feedback mechanisms. The identification of critical decision-making nodes and passive response factors provides network topology-based evidence for differentiated management of responsible parties.

Key words: five-party responsible entities, construction project, network model, safety responsibility, accident prevention

中图分类号:

X948

陈大伟, 杨哲, 余瑞, 曹伟强. 五方责任主体建设工程安全影响网络实证[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(4): 1-8.

CHEN Dawei, YANG Zhe, YU Rui, CAO Weiqiang. Empirical analysis of construction engineering safety impact network influenced by five-party responsible entities[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(4): 1-8.

图/表 5

表1

五方责任主体安全生产责任描述

所属主体	责任序号	责任描述
O	O₁	应当提供真实、准确、完整的现场施工所需资料
	O₂	不得要求其他主体单位违法压缩工期
	O₃	保证充足的安全施工费用
	O₄	按规定取得施工许可证,并在施工前确保所有相关手续齐全
	O₅	应依法依规进行工程发包,确保安全责任的合理分配和履行
	O₆	应及时掌握施工项目的安全情况
	O₇	监管各主体单位,确保各单位履行其安全生产责任
C	C₁	按要求编制安全技术措施
	C₂	保证现场安全监管
	C₃	应定期开展隐患排查,并及时进行治理
	C₄	应编制应急救援预案,确保在紧急情况下能够迅速、有效应对
	C₅	定期对员工进行安全教育培训,确保每位员工具备必要的安全知识和技能
	C₆	设立安全生产管理机构,配备专职安全生产管理人员,确保安全生产工作的有效落实
	C₇	加强对分包单位的管理,确保其严格遵守安全生产规范
	C₈	确保所有作业人员的资质符合相关规定,并严格进行资质审查。
	C₉	作业前进行安全交底、技术交底,确保作业人员明确工作中的安全注意事项
	C₁₀	应在高风险区域设置显著的警示标识,防止意外发生
	C₁₁	应按照相关规定设置办公区和生活区
	C₁₂	对建设工程施工可能造成损害的毗邻建筑物、构筑物和地下管线等,采取专项防护措施
	C₁₃	向作业人员提供安全防护用具和安全防护服装,并书面告知危险岗位的操作规程和违章操作的危害
	C₁₄	作业人员应当遵守安全施工的强制性标准、规章制度和操作规程,正确使用安全防护用具、机械设备等
	C₁₅	施工单位采购、租赁的安全防护用具、机械设备、施工机具及配件,应当具有许可证、合格证,进入场前查验
S	S₁	勘察单位应按照法律法规和工程建设强制性标准进行勘察, 提供真实、准确、满足建设工程安全生产需要的勘察文件
S	S₂	严格执行操作规程,采取措施保证各类管线、设施和周边建筑物、构筑物的安全
A	A₁	设计单位应按照法律法规和工程建设强制性标准进行设计, 防止因设计不合理导致生产安全事故的发生
	A₂	设计文件中应注明涉及施工安全的重点部位和环节,并对防范生产安全事故提出指导意见
	A₃	采用新结构、新材料、新工艺的建设工程,设计单位应在设计中提出保障施工作业人员安全和预防生产安全事故的措施建议
M	M₁	监理单位应审查施工组织设计中的安全技术措施或专项施工方案是否符合工程建设强制性标准
	M₂	监理过程中,发现安全事故隐患应要求施工单位整改,情况严重的应要求施工单位暂停施工,并及时报告建设单位
	M₃	监理单位应按法律法规和工程建设强制性标准实施监理

表1

图1

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