智慧风电场应急管理体系及应用研究: 5G技术赋能

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.09.0170

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为防范风电场突发事件的发生,提高风电场应急管理智慧化水平,从5G技术和应急管理相结合的视角出发,在分析智慧风电场、5G技术、风电场应急管理内涵的基础上,从理念、目标、主体、客体、技术、制度、资源7个要素解析应急管理体系,提出“七横四纵”的应急管理体系总体架构及5G应急管理通信网络架构,并探讨5G等新兴技术在信息平台构建、无人机巡检、视频监控、不安全行为监测、应急数据传输、远程诊断方面的赋能作用。研究表明:5G等新兴技术适用于智慧风电场建设,在一定程度上能够完善应急管理体系,5G技术生态在智慧风电场应急管理中有着较为广泛的应用性,可以推动风电场应急管理智慧化的转型升级。

关键词: 智慧风电场, 应急管理, 5G技术赋能, 智慧应急, 总体架构

Abstract:

In order to prevent emergencies in wind farms and improve their intelligent emergency management capabilities, based on analysis of intelligent wind farm, 5G technology and emergency management from a perspective of combining the technology and management, emergency management system was analyzed from aspects of concept, target, subject, object, technology, system and resources of seven elements. Then, overall "seven horizontal and four vertical" emergency management system structure and 5G emergency management communication network architecture were put forward, and enabling role of 5G and other emerging technologies in information platform construction, drone inspection, video surveillance, unsafe behavior monitoring, emergency data transmission and remote diagnosis was discussed. The results show that 5G and other emerging technologies are suitable for the construction of smart wind farms, and the technology ecology has a wide range of application in the emergency management, which can promote the transformation and upgrade of smart emergency management in wind farms.

Key words: smart wind farm, emergency management, 5G technology empowerment, smart emergency, overall architecture

常丁懿, 石娟, 瞿丽莉, 郑鹏. 智慧风电场应急管理体系及应用研究: 5G技术赋能[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(9): 57-67.

CHANG Dingyi, SHI Juan, QU Lili, ZHENG Peng. Smart emergency management system in wind farms and its application: 5G technology empowerment[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(9): 57-67.

图/表 8

图1

图2

图3

图4

表1

图5

图6

图7

参考文献 33

[1]	牟能冶, 康秋萍, 贾程方. 突发事件影响下的城市快递网络脆弱性评估[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2020, 30(12):125-132. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2020.12.018
	MU Nengye, KANG Qiuping, JIA Chengfang. Vulnerability assessment of urban express networks under influence of emergencies[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2020, 30(12):125-132. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2020.12.018
[2]	孙春山, 吴旭, 鲍巧敏, 等. 新能源和可再生能源接入条件下的电力应急管理机制[J]. 现代电力, 2013, 30(3):13-17.
	SUN Chunshan, WU Xu, BAO Qiaomin, et al. Electric power emergency management mechanism by considering of the access of new energy and renewable energy[J]. Modern Electric Power, 2013, 30(3):13-17.
[3]	王燕, 韩斌, 赵文超, 等. 海上风电应急检修经济性评价模型的建立及分析[J]. 船舶工程, 2020, 42(增1):605-608,611.
	WANG Yan, HAN Bin, ZHAO Wenchao, et al. The establishment and analysis of economic evaluation model for offshore wind power emergency maintenance[J]. Ship Engineering, 2020, 42(S1):605-608,611.
[4]	PEDERSEN S, AHSAN D. Emergency preparedness and response: Insights from the emerging offshore wind industry[J]. Safety Science, 2020, 121:516-528. doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2019.09.022
[5]	ZHANG Chen, YANG Tao. Optimal maintenance planning and resource allocation for wind farms based on non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II[J]. Renewable Energy, 2021, 164:1540-1549. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.10.125
[6]	GARCIA D A, BRUSCHI D. A risk assessment tool for improving safety standards and emergency management in Italian onshore wind farms[J]. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 2016, 18:48-58. doi: 10.1016/j.seta.2016.09.009
[7]	李庆民, 于万水, 赵继尧. 支撑“双碳”目标的风光发电装备安全运行关键技术[J]. 高电压技术, 2021, 47(9):3047-3060.
	LI Qingmin, YU Wanshui, ZHAO Jiyao. Key technologies for the safe operation of wind and solar power generation equipment in support of the "peak CO₂ emissions and carbon neutrality" policy[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2021, 47(9):3047-3060.
[8]	韩斌, 王忠杰, 赵勇, 等. 智慧风电场发展现状及规划建议[J]. 热力发电, 2019, 48(9):34-39.
	HAN Bin, WANG Zhongjie, ZHAO Yong, et al. Development status and planning suggestions of smart wind farms[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2019, 48(9):34-39.
[9]	汪文东. 基于信息化技术的智慧风场体系构建及案例研究[D]. 南京: 南京理工大学, 2019.
	WANG Wendong. Study on smart wind farm architecture and case studies based on information technology[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 2019.
[10]	吴智泉, 王政霞. 智慧风电体系架构研究[J]. 分布式能源, 2019, 4(2):8-15.
	WU Zhiquan, WANG Zhengxia. Smart wind power system architecture[J]. Distributed Energy, 2019, 4(2):8-15.
[11]	徐爱兰, 耿建生. 基于5G与AI的生态环境监测网络平台探讨[J]. 环境监测管理与技术, 2021, 33(3):5-8.
	XU Ailan, GENG Jiansheng. Discussion on ecological environment monitoring network platform based on 5G and AI[J]. The Administration and Technique of Environmental Monitoring, 2021, 33(3):5-8.
[12]	赵婷, 刘晓秋. 5G在口腔医学中的应用[J]. 口腔医学研究, 2021, 37(11):970-972. doi: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.11.003
	ZHAO Ting, LIU Xiaoqiu. Application of 5G in stomatology[J]. Journal of Oral Science Research, 2021, 37(11):970-972. doi: 10.13701/j.cnki.kqyxyj.2021.11.003
[13]	马小博, 彭嘉豪, 薛磊, 等. 5G时代车联网信息物理融合系统综合安全研究[J]. 中国科学:信息科学, 2019, 49(12):1640-1658.
	MA Xiaobo, PENG Jiahao, XUE Lei, et al. Integrated security of cyber-physical vehicle networked systems in the age of 5G[J]. Scientia Sinica:Informationis, 2019, 49(12):1640-1658. doi: 10.1360/SSI-2019-0176
[14]	蔡苏, 焦新月, 杨阳, 等. 5G环境下的多模态智慧课堂实践[J]. 现代远程教育研究, 2021, 33(5):103-112.
	CAI Su, JIAO Xinyue, YANG Yang, et al. Practice of multimodality smart classroom under 5G environment[J]. Modern Distance Education Research, 2021, 33(5):103-112.
[15]	李清彬, 宋立义, 申现杰. 国家应急管理体系建设状况与优化建议[J]. 改革, 2021(8):12-24.
	LI Qingbin, SONG Liyi, SHEN Xianjie. The construction status and improvement suggestions of national emergency management system[J]. Reform, 2021(8):12-24.
[16]	薛澜, 沈华. 五大转变:新时期应急管理体系建设的理念更新[J]. 行政管理改革, 2021(7):51-58.
	XUE Lan, SHEN Hua. Five transformations: renewal of thoughts in the construction of emergency management system in new era[J]. Administration Reform, 2021(7):51-58.
[17]	钟开斌. 国家应急管理体系:框架构建、演进历程与完善策略[J]. 改革, 2020(6):5-18.
	ZHONG Kaibin. National emergency management system: framework construction, evolution track and improvement strategies[J]. Reform, 2020(6):5-18.
[18]	丁建彪. 整体性治理视角下中国农村扶贫脱贫实践过程研究[J]. 政治学研究, 2020(3):113-124,128.
	DING Jianbiao. Research on the practice process of rural poverty alleviation in China from the perspective of holistic governance[J]. Journal of Political Science, 2020(3):113-124,128.
[19]	文宏. 基于整体性治理理论的灾害风险治理体系优化[J]. 西北师大学报:社会科学版, 2015, 52(4):111-115.
	WEN Hong. Optimization of disaster risk governance system based on theory of holistic governance[J]. Journal of Northwest Normal University:Social Sciences, 2015, 52(4):111-115.
[20]	李胜. 超大城市突发环境事件管理碎片化及整体性治理研究[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2017, 27(12):88-96.
	LI Sheng. Fragmentation and holistic governance of environment emergency incident in megacities[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2017, 27(12):88-96.
[21]	王莹, 王义保. 基于整体性治理理论的城市应急管理体系优化[J]. 城市发展研究, 2016, 23(2):98-104.
	WANG Ying, WANG Yibao. Optimization of urban emergency management system based on the theory of holistic governance[J]. Urban Development Studies, 2016, 23(2):98-104.
[22]	张伟东, 高智杰, 王超贤. 应急管理体系数字化转型的技术框架和政策路径[J]. 中国工程科学, 2021, 23(4):107-116.
	ZHANG Weidong, GAO Zhijie, WANG Chaoxian. Digital transformation of emergency management system: technical framework and policy path[J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2021, 23(4):107-116.
[23]	李纲, 李阳. 智慧城市应急决策情报体系构建研究[J]. 中国图书馆学报, 2016, 42(3):39-54.
	LI Gang, LI Yang. Construction of emergency decision-making intelligence system against the background of smart city[J]. Journal of Library Science in China, 2016, 42(3):39-54.
[24]	石娟, 郑鹏, 常丁懿. 基于复合治理理论的基层应急管理模式优化[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2020, 16(12):157-163.
	SHI Juan, ZHENG Peng, CHANG Dingyi. Optimization of grassroots emergency management mode based on compound governance theory[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2020, 16(12):157-163.
[25]	张鑫. 智慧赋能应急管理决策的范式转变与使能创新[J]. 江苏社会科学, 2021(5):55-62.
[26]	石娟, 郑鹏, 常丁懿. 大数据环境下的城市公共安全治理:区块链技术赋能[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2021, 31(2):24-32. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2021.02.004
	SHI Juan, ZHENG Peng, CHANG Dingyi. Governance of urban public safety in context of big data: block chain technology enablement[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2021, 31(2):24-32. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2021.02.004
[27]	张铮, 李政华. 中国特色应急管理制度体系构建:现实基础、存在问题与发展策略[J]. 管理世界, 2022, 38(1):138-144.
	ZHANG Zheng, LI Zhenghua. Emergency management system construction with Chinese characteristic:realistic foundation, existing problems and development strategy[J]. Management World, 2022, 38(1):138-144.
[28]	姚建义, 金雅玲, 汤晓勇, 等. 突发公共卫生事件智慧应急发展探讨[J]. 中国工程科学, 2021, 23(5):34-40.
	YAO Jianyi, JIN Yaling, TANG Xiaoyong, et al. Development of intelligent response to public health emergencies[J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2021, 23(5):34-40.
[29]	钟剑峰, 王红军. 基于5G和无人机智能组网的应急通信技术[J]. 电讯技术, 2020, 60(11):1290-1296.
	ZHONG Jianfeng, WANG Hongjun. Emergency communication technology based on 5G and drone intelligent networking[J]. Telecommunication Engineering, 2020, 60(11):1290-1296.
[30]	雷霆, 孙骞, 王孟轩. 基于5G的智慧应急指挥平台[J]. 指挥与控制学报, 2020, 6(4):319-323.
	LEI Ting, SUN Qian, WANG Mengxuan. The 5G-based smart emergency command platform[J]. Journal of Command and Control, 2020, 6(4):319-323.
[31]	周剑, 贾金岩, 张震, 等. 面向应急保障的5G网联无人机关键技术[J]. 重庆邮电大学学报:自然科学版, 2020, 32(4):511-518.
	ZHOU Jian, JIA Jinyan, ZHANG Zhen, et al. Key technologies for emergency communication based on 5G networked UAVs[J]. Journal of Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications:Natural Science Edition, 2020, 32(4):511-518.
[32]	赵驰. 基于5G技术的远程监控系统在城市轨道交通建设工程中的应用[J]. 城市轨道交通研究, 2021, 24(1):169-174.
	ZHAO Chi. Application of remote monitoring system in urban rail transit construction project based on 5G technology[J]. Urban Mass Transit, 2021, 24(1):169-174.
[33]	黄彦钦, 余浩, 尹钧毅, 等. 电力物联网数据传输方案:现状与基于5G技术的展望[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(17):3581-3593.
	HUANG Yanqin, YU Hao, YIN Junyi, et al. Data transmission schemes of power Internet of things: present and outlook based on 5G technology[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(17):3581-3593.

突发事件种类	风电场对应	举例
自然灾害	雨雪冰冻、雷电、地震、飓风等	2018年1月,云南某风电场由于冰冻灾害,使得107台风机突发停机,造成重大经济损失
事故灾难	触电、火灾、机械伤害、高空坠落等	2020年8月,山东某风电场发生一起因巡检员手持长锯与集电线路安全距离不足,致使感应触电身亡的事件
社会安全事件	劳资纠纷、群体滋事等	2021年5月,山西某风电场,因工作纠纷员工发生打架斗殴,导致骨折、脑震荡等人身伤害
公共卫生事件	传染病疫情、食物中毒等	自2019年底至今,持续2年多的新冠肺炎疫情导致风电企业生产经济受到一定影响