钾盐粉体抑制瓦斯爆炸超压特性研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.07.1624

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为防范矿井瓦斯爆炸事故,深入探究钾盐粉体的抑爆性能及其在管网中的作用特征,利用包含并联管路、分岔管路和角联管路的管网,开展在N₂驱动下的KHCO₃、K₂C₂O₄和KH₂PO₄这3种钾盐粉体抑制瓦斯爆炸的试验,通过热重(TG)分析粉体的热解特性,结合超压变化监测,探究不同钾盐粉作用下的爆炸超压和超压衰减系数,并借助Chemkin-Pro模拟软件剖析抑爆机制。结果表明:3种粉体抑爆后冲击波压力叠加衰减过程消失,超压时程曲线呈单峰值特性,KHCO₃粉体对爆炸超压峰值的抑制效果最佳,下降幅度达83.2%~88.9%,K₂C₂O₄次之,KH₂PO₄相对较弱;斜角联支管4中的压力衰减程度较其他支管中更大;支管4和拐弯段能够借助自身结构特性提升超压衰减效果,是布设抑制剂的优选位置,KHCO₃能最大程度利用这一结构特性增强抑爆效果;支线段冲击波超压衰减系数K₂出现了小于1的情况,添加K₂C₂O₄和KH₂PO₄粉体会加剧这一现象;KHCO₃工况下自由基含量最低,抑爆效果最佳,其次是K₂C₂O₄工况,最后是KH₂PO₄工况。

关键词: 钾盐粉体, 瓦斯爆炸, 爆炸超压, 超压衰减, 管网

Abstract:

To prevent and contain mine gas explosion accidents, the explosion suppression performance of potassium salt powders and their action laws in the pipe network were deeply explored. In a pipe network with parallel pipelines, branching pipelines, and angular connecting pipelines, an experimental study on the suppression of gas explosions by three potassium salt powders, namely KHCO₃, K₂C₂O₄, and KH₂PO₄, driven by N₂, was carried out. The pyrolysis characteristics of the powders were studied through thermogravimetric(TG) analysis. By combining explosion experiments, the overpressure changes were monitored. The explosion overpressure and overpressure attenuation coefficient under the action of potassium salt powder were explored. Moreover, the explosion suppression mechanism was analyzed with the assistance of the Chemkin-Pro simulation software. The results indicate that after the explosion suppression by the three powders, the superposition and attenuation process of the shock wave pressure is eliminated, and the overpressure time-history curve exhibits a "single peak value" characteristic. Among them, the KHCO₃ powder has the best suppression effect on the explosion overpressure peak value, with a decrease range of 83.2% - 88.9%. K₂C₂O₄ ranks second, and KH₂PO₄ is relatively weaker. The pressure attenuation degree in the oblique angular connecting branch pipe 4 is greater than that in other branch pipes. Both the branch pipe 4 and the turning section can leverage their own structural characteristics to enhance the overpressure attenuation effect, and they are regarded as preferred locations for installing explosive inhibitors. KHCO₃ is able to maximize the utilization of this structural characteristic to enhance the explosion suppression effect. Additionally, the shock wave overpressure attenuation coefficient K₂ of the branch pipeline section shows a situation where it is less than 1.This phenomenon is found to be exacerbated by the addition of K₂C₂O₄ and KH₂PO₄ powders. Through the analysis using the Chemkin-Pro simulation software, it is concluded that the free radical content under the KHCO₃ working condition is the lowest, and the explosion suppression effect is the best, followed by the K₂C₂O₄ working condition, and finally the KH₂PO₄ working condition.

Key words: potassium salt powder, gas explosion, explosion overpressure, overpressure attenuation, pipe network

中图分类号:

X932爆炸安全与防火、防爆

贾进章, 田秀媛. 钾盐粉体抑制瓦斯爆炸超压特性研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(7): 48-56.

JIA Jinzhang, TIAN Xiuyuan. Study on characteristics of potassium salt powder in inhibiting gas explosion overpressure[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(7): 48-56.

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系数类型	无抑爆剂	KHCO₃	K₂C₂O₄	KH₂PO₄
K₁	T₁/T₂=1.076	1.118	1.154	1.071
	T₆/T₅=1.087	1.127	1.068	1.106
	T₉/T₁₀=1.070	1.132	1.125	1.090
	T₃/T₄=1.091	1.025	1.110	1.099
	T₈/T₇=1.097	1.148	1.136	1.132
K₂	T₁/T₈=1.110	1.226	1.217	1.102
	T₃/T₅=1.027	1.036	1.045	1.005
	T₉/T₆=0.960	0.968	0.957	0.942
	T₆/T₇=1.176	1.148	1.160	1.149
	T₅/T₇=1.045	1.018	1.086	1.039
K₃	T₂/T₃=1.097	1.193	1.054	1.116
M	T₉/T₁=0.872	0.789	0.803	0.867
	T₈/T₂=0.969	0.912	0.948	0.972
	T₅/T₄=1.063	1.375	1.100	1.093
	T₆/T₁₀=1.117	1.170	1.175	1.162
	T₇/T₅=0.982	0.982	0.920	0.963