高层建筑火灾烟气流动对疏散影响的模拟研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2020.12.017

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12): 118-124.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2020.12.017

高层建筑火灾烟气流动对疏散影响的模拟研究

丁厚成副教授, 徐远迪, 邓权龙, 连志虚

安徽工业大学建筑工程学院,安徽马鞍山 243000

收稿日期:2020-09-17 修回日期:2020-11-10 出版日期:2020-12-28
作者简介:丁厚成 (1973—),男,安徽来安人,博士,副教授,系主任,主要从事安全技术及工程方面的研究。E-mail:hnhoucheng@163.com。
基金资助:
安徽高校自然科学研究项目(KJ2019A0052);安徽省自然科学基金资助(1808085ME161);安徽省住房城乡建设科技计划项目(2019-YF002)。

Simulation study on influence of fire smoke flow on evacuation in high-rise buildings

DING Houcheng, XU Yuandi, DENG Quanlong, LIAN Zhixu

School of Architectural Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan Anhui 243000, China

Received:2020-09-17 Revised:2020-11-10 Published:2020-12-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 高层建筑在发生火灾时存在着顶棚射流和烟囱效益的现象,这些现象都会对人员疏散造成不利影响。为了进一步探究高层建筑火灾烟气流动对安全疏散的影响,将六安市一幢21层建筑作为研究对象,建立楼层和楼梯的几何模型,运用火灾模拟软件(FDS)对高层建筑进行数值模拟,研究烟气流动特性以及相关参数的变化特征,得出火灾烟气蔓延对安全疏散的影响结果。模拟结果表明:烟气的温度相比于减光性对疏散的影响更大;烟气流动速度和火源的热释放速率(HRR)有着直接联系,火源HRR较小时,疏散时间充足,适当控制火源HRR可以为疏散提供更多时间;在建筑较高楼层合理设置消防电梯更有助于疏散效率的提高。

关键词: 高层建筑火灾, 烟气流动, 数值模拟, 疏散, 热释放速率(HRR)

Abstract: There exist ceiling jet and chimney benefit phenomenon in high-rise buildings in case of a fire, which cause adverse effects on evacuation. In order to further explore influence of fire smoke flow on safe evacuation, a geometric model of floors and stairs was established with a 21-storey building in Lu'an city as research object, and high-rise buildings were numerically simulated by using fire dynamics simulation (FDS) software. Changes of smoke flow characteristics and relevant parameters were studied, and influence of fire smoke spread on safe evacuation was obtained. The simulation results show that temperature of flue gas has a greater impact on evacuation than light attenuation. Flue gas flow speed is directly related to HRR of fire source. Evacuation time will be sufficient when HRR is small, and proper control of it can ensure more time for evacuation. And it is more helpful to improve evacuation efficiency by setting up fire elevator in higher floor of buildings.

Key words: fire in high-rise building, smoke flow, numerical simulation, evacuation, heat release rate (HRR)

中图分类号:

X932

丁厚成, 徐远迪, 邓权龙, 连志虚. 高层建筑火灾烟气流动对疏散影响的模拟研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2020, 30(12): 118-124.

DING Houcheng, XU Yuandi, DENG Quanlong, LIAN Zhixu. Simulation study on influence of fire smoke flow on evacuation in high-rise buildings[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2020, 30(12): 118-124.

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高层建筑火灾烟气流动对疏散影响的模拟研究

Simulation study on influence of fire smoke flow on evacuation in high-rise buildings

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