考虑恐慌情绪和沿墙引导的行人疏散模型

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.09.2675

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (9): 111-117.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.09.2675

考虑恐慌情绪和沿墙引导的行人疏散模型

王冠宁¹^,²(), 陈涛¹, 郑晖杰¹, 姜文宇¹

1 清华大学工程物理系公共安全研究院,北京 100084
2 清华大学合肥公共安全研究院灾害环境人员安全安徽省重点实验室,安徽合肥 230601

收稿日期:2022-03-12 修回日期:2022-07-15 出版日期:2022-10-19 发布日期:2023-03-28
作者简介:
王冠宁 (1994—),男,甘肃白银人,博士研究生,研究方向为人员疏散和城市安全等。E-mail: wgn19@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn。
陈涛研究员
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助(71673163); 国家自然科学基金资助(71971126); 国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC0810804)

Pedestrian evacuation model considering panic and wall-following guidance

WANG Guanning¹^,²(), CHEN Tao¹, ZHENG Huijie¹, JIANG Wenyu¹

1 Institute of Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2 Hefei Institute for Public Safety Research of Tsinghua University, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Human Safety, Hefei Anhui 230601, China

Received:2022-03-12 Revised:2022-07-15 Online:2022-10-19 Published:2023-03-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究有限视域条件下救援人员对恐慌行人的疏散引导策略,利用元胞自动机模型,模拟建筑中存在危险源时行人的恐慌疏散行为,以及救援人员沿墙走引导策略对疏散过程的影响。首先,建立考虑救援人员沿墙引导的恐慌疏散动力学模型;然后,模拟存在危险源条件下救援人员沿墙引导时的人群疏散动力学过程;最后,重点分析行人恐慌程度、危险源位置对疏散过程的影响。结果表明:行人恐慌程度越高,对危险源越敏感,越不能理性地寻找安全出口而出现盲目跟随、角落聚集等现象,救援人员沿墙引导可有效缓释人群的恐慌情绪,提升疏散效率;当危险源距离安全出口较近时,行人恐慌程度较高,疏散时间较长,而救援人员沿墙引导能显著提升疏散效率,且危险源距离安全出口越近,疏散引导效果越显著;在有限视域条件下,行人在恐慌情绪的影响下更倾向于沿墙疏散,并出现盲目跟随、角落聚集等不安全行为,沿墙走引导方式能促进行人人理性疏散,提高人群疏散效率。

关键词: 恐慌情绪, 沿墙引导, 行人疏散, 危险源, 元胞自动机

Abstract:

In order to investigate the guidance effect on evacuation under a limited visibility environment, an extended cellular automaton model was put forward to study the panic evacuation behavior and the influence of wall-following guidance on evacuation. First, a dynamical model of panic evacuation was established, considering wall-following guidance. Second, the dynamic process of crowd evacuation in the presence of a hazard source was simulated when a rescuer adopted the wall-following strategy. Finally, the influence of pedestrian panic degree and hazard position scheme on evacuation was analyzed. The simulation results show that the higher the degree of panic, the more sensitive pedestrians are to the hazard, and the less able to rationally search for exits, leading to blindly following and gathering in corners. The guidance of rescuers can effectively curb the spread of panic, ease the crowd's panic, and improve evacuation efficiency. When the hazard is closer to the exit, the panic will have a greater impact, and the evacuation time will be longer. However, the guidance of rescuers can significantly improve evacuation efficiency, and especially when the hazard is closer to the safety exit, the rescuer guidance efficiency is even more remarkable. Under the limited visibility circumstance, with the influence of panic, pedestrians are more inclined to evacuate along the wall. Unsafe behaviors appear, such as blindly following and gathering in corners. The "Wall-following" guidance promotes rational evacuation behaviors and significantly improves evacuation efficiency.

Key words: panic, wall-following guidance, pedestrian evacuation, hazard, cellular automata

王冠宁, 陈涛, 郑晖杰, 姜文宇. 考虑恐慌情绪和沿墙引导的行人疏散模型[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(9): 111-117.

WANG Guanning, CHEN Tao, ZHENG Huijie, JIANG Wenyu. Pedestrian evacuation model considering panic and wall-following guidance[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(9): 111-117.

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考虑恐慌情绪和沿墙引导的行人疏散模型

Pedestrian evacuation model considering panic and wall-following guidance

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