隧道彩色路面和侧墙设计对驾驶行为的影响分析

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.S1.0051

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究不同隧道环境设计下驾驶绩效以及驾驶员的生、心理变化特性,采用3D Max软件搭建仿真试验场景,选取15名驾驶员开展不同隧道环境设计场景下的驾驶模拟试验,采集驾驶员的生、心理及车辆运行状态数据;选取具有代表性的车辆运行指标和驾驶员状态指标,构建驾驶行为趋势面模型,分析指标之间的相对敏感程度。研究结果表明:路面铺设彩色路面可提示驾驶员适当减速,其中,黄色系渐变彩色路面和纵向减速标线彩色路面的综合效果更佳,更利于安全行车;隧道内设置装饰侧墙可缓解隧道内驾驶员视觉信息单调的现象,考虑到隧道内行车安全和通行效率,建议采用蓝-白装饰侧墙。

关键词: 隧道环境设计, 驾驶行为, 彩色路面, 装饰侧墙, 驾驶模拟, 趋势面拟合

Abstract:

In order to explore the driving performance and the physical and psychological change characteristics of drivers under different tunnel environment designs, three-dimensional Max software was used to construct a simulation experiment scene. 15 drivers were selected to participate in driving simulation experiments of different tunnel environment design scenarios, and the physical and psychological data of the drivers and the vehicle operation status data were collected. The representative vehicle operation indicators and driver state indicators were selected, and the driving behavior trend surface model was constructed. The relative sensitivity between the indicators was analyzed. The results show that colored pavements can prompt the driver to decelerate appropriately. The comprehensive effects of gradient yellow pavements and colored pavements with longitudinal deceleration marking are better, which are more conducive to safe driving; the decorated sidewalls in the tunnel can alleviate the phenomenon of monotonous visual information of drivers in the tunnel. In view of the driving safety and traffic efficiency in the tunnel, it is recommended to use blue-white decorated sidewalls.

Key words: tunnel environment design, driving behavior, colored pavement, decorated sidewall, driving simulation, trend surface fitting

万利, 张长安, 李璟, 张宇, 孙昌海, 阎莹. 隧道彩色路面和侧墙设计对驾驶行为的影响分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(S1): 25-34.

WAN Li, ZHANG Chang'an, LI Jing, ZHANG Yu, SUN Changhai, YAN Ying. Analysis of effect of colored pavement and sidewall design on driving behavior in tunnels[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(S1): 25-34.

图/表 12

表1

表2

表3

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

表4

表5

图7

参考文献 16

[1]	中华人民共和国交通运输部. 2020年交通运输行业发展统计公报[J]. 交通财会, 2021(6): 92-96.
[2]	胡月琦. 高速公路隧道路段驾驶人心智游移及心理负荷与安全风险研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2021.
	HU Yueqi. Study on drivers' mind wandering, mental workload and safety risks in Highway tunnels[D]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2021.
[3]	申艳军, 杨阳, 邹晓龙, 等. 国内公路隧道运营期交通事故统计及伤亡状况评价[J]. 隧道建设:中英文, 2018, 38(4): 564-574.
	SHEN Yanjun, YANG Yang, ZOU Xiaolong, et al. Statistics on traffic accidents occurred in operating highway tunnels in China and their casualties evaluation[J]. Tunnel Construction, 2018, 38(4): 564-574.
[4]	SHI Ning, SU Huan. Experimental study on color durability of color asphalt pavement[J]. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2017, 207(1):DOI:10.1088/1757-899X/207/1/012104.
[5]	罗浩顺, 徐良杰, 杜志刚, 等. 城市长隧道导向视觉参照系安全改善效果研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2020, 30(4):154-159. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2020.04.024
	LUO Haoshun, XU Liangjie, DU Zhigang, et al. Safety improvement effect of guiding visual reference system in long urban tunnels[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2020, 30(4):154-159. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2020.04.024
[6]	RYOSUKE A, TOMOYUKI I, YASUHIRO M. Does colored pavement make non-signalized intersections safer? a case study in Japan[J]. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2011, 20: 741-751. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.08.082
[7]	林志, 李佳奇, 赵耀, 等. 隧道路面颜色对行车安全的影响研究[J]. 重庆交通大学学报:自然科学版, 2022, 41(7):34-38.
	LIN Zhi, LI Jiaqi, ZHAO Yao, et al. Influence of tunnel pavement color on driving safety[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University:Natural Science, 2022, 41(7):34-38.
[8]	袁景玉, 刘晓健, 姚胜, 等. 基于眼动特征的高速公路彩色路面安全性[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2020, 20(34): 14 278-14 282.
	YUAN Jingyu, LIU Xiaojian, YAO Sheng, et al. Highway safety of color pavement based on eye movement characteristics[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2020, 20(34): 14 278-14 282.
[9]	CALVI A. Investigating the effectiveness of perceptual treatments on a crest vertical curve: a driving simulator study[J]. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2018, 58: 1 074-1 086. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2018.06.002
[10]	CALVO-POYO F, OÑA J D, MORCILLO L G, et al. Influence of wider longitudinal road markings on vehicle speeds in two-lane rural highways[J]. Sustainability, 2020, 12(20): 8 305. doi: 10.3390/su12208305
[11]	潘福全, 梁雪, 王琳, 等. 基于驾驶仿真的海底隧道出入口段视觉减速标线有效性[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2022, 22(21): 9 372-9 380.
	PAN Fuquan, LIANG Xue, WANG Lin, et al. Effectiveness of visual deceleration marking at the entrance and exit of undersea tunnel based on driving simulation[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2022, 22(21): 9 372-9 380.
[12]	胡爱秀. 基于驾驶模拟实验的高速公路视错觉减速标线有效性研究[D]. 福州: 福州大学, 2016.
	HU Aixiu. Research on availability of optical illusion deceleration markings for expressway based on driving simulator[D]. Fuzhou: Fuzhou University, 2016.
[13]	YE Ting, YI Yanyao. Sample size calculations in clinical research, third edition, by Shein-Chung Chow, Jun Shao, Hansheng Wang, and Yuliya Lokhnygina[J]. Statistical Theory and Related Fields, 2017, 1(2): 265-266. doi: 10.1080/24754269.2017.1398000
[14]	JTG 3370.1—2018, 公路隧道设计规范[S].
	JTG 3370.1-2018, Specifications for design of Highway tunnels[S].
[15]	杨理波, 杜志刚, 徐弯弯, 等. 隧道内不同组合信息条件下驾驶员视错觉研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2018, 28(1): 32-37. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.01.006
	YANG Libo, DU Zhigang, XU Wanwan, et al. Research on drivers' visual illusion in tunnels under different combined visual information conditions[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2018, 28(1): 32-37. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.01.006
[16]	王琳虹, 李世武, 周茹波, 等. 高速公路路侧景观色彩对驾驶员心率指标的影响[J]. 吉林大学学报:工学版, 2013, 43(1): 74-80.
	WANG Linhong, LI Shiwu, ZHOU Rubo, et al. Impact of roadside landscape color on driver mean heart rate[J]. Journal of Jilin University:Engineering and Technology Edition, 2013, 43(1): 74-80.

数据类型	设备名称	设备图片	参数与功能
驾驶员生理数据	眼动仪		以60 Hz的频率采集眼动数据
驾驶员生理数据	心电仪		以1 Hz的频率采集驾驶员心电数据
车辆运行状态数据	驾驶模拟器		提供虚拟驾驶场景, 以50 Hz的频率记录车辆运行参数
其他仪器设备	手机	—	查看记录行车时间

组别	隧道路段路面设计	隧道内侧墙设计
对照组	常规黑灰色路面	常规双色腰线设计
试验组1	黄色系渐变彩色路面	黄色-绿色装饰侧墙
试验组2	灰色系渐变彩色路面	蓝色-白色装饰侧墙
试验组3	黄色系渐变彩色路面	蓝色-白色装饰侧墙
试验组4	灰色系渐变彩色路面	黄色-绿色装饰侧墙
试验组5	纵向减速标线彩色路面	黄色-绿色装饰侧墙
试验组6	鱼刺形减速标线彩色路面	蓝色-白色装饰侧墙
试验组7	纵向减速标线彩色路面	蓝色-白色装饰侧墙
试验组8	鱼刺形减速标线彩色路面	黄色-绿色装饰侧墙

组别	配对样本	t	Sig.
渐变组	试验组1—试验组2	-11.753	0.000^*
	试验组1—试验组3	5.678	0.000^*
	试验组1—试验组4	-9.268	0.000^*
	试验组2—试验组3	16.508	0.000^*
	试验组2—试验组4	2.062	0.048
	试验组3—试验组4	-13.058	0.000^*
标线组	试验组5—试验组6	-5.981	0.000^*
	试验组5—试验组7	-8.313	0.000^*
	试验组5—试验组8	1.866	0.072
	试验组6—试验组7	-4.983	0.000^*
	试验组6—试验组8	8.032	0.000^*
	试验组7—试验组8	11.696	0.000^*

对照组	试验组1	试验组2	试验组3	试验组4
300.42	171.81	289.62	147.03	187.84
试验组5	试验组6	试验组7	试验组8	—
289.70	292.70	148.45	218.07	—

试验组1		试验组2		试验组3		试验组4		试验组5		试验组6		试验组7		试验组8
S_S_-1	S_S_-2	S_S_-1	S_S_-2	S_S_-1	S_S_-2	S_S_-1	S_S_-2	S_S_-1	S_S_-2	S_S_-1	S_S_-2	S_S_-1	S_S_-2	S_S_-1	S_S_-2
5.25	-3.94	0.17	0.14	-1.32	-0.35	0.15	-0.10	-0.18	-0.02	0.09	0.03	0.90	0.26	-0.15	0.12
12.3	-0.86	1.35	-0.35	14.48	-18.05	15.70	0.40	2.31	0.97	16.87	-1.32	4.43	-2.27	6.13	-1.64
-1.52	-0.83	7.34	-0.44	3.07	-1.06	0.94	-0.05	3.63	-1.84	15.25	-0.62	9.01	-2.82	2.05	-0.14
-1.36	3.17	-2.92	2.00	-0.01	0.00	0.13	0.01	0.60	0.17	-2.59	-0.35	-1.87	-0.18	-6.07	0.35
-2.53	-2.11	-0.73	-2.77	-2.42	-0.29	-3.91	1.19	-4.09	-1.66	-44.57	-1.10	-10.15	0.74	-1.51	-0.28
-4.00	-0.38	-0.81	0.70	-2.26	0.49	-2.67	-0.29	-6.18	-0.71	-68.42	0.74	-7.29	-1.98	-0.24	-0.24
0.67	-0.04	-1.13	-0.24	-7.75	1.64	-0.63	0.37	-8.79	-0.50	-1.50	0.57	-29.00	-1.39	-1.66	1.99
-0.52	-0.41	-0.48	-0.24	-1.92	-12.32	-1.39	0.23	-5.51	-1.61	-8.82	-0.69	-3.15	3.20	-0.42	-0.14
0.10	-0.13	-1.13	-0.23	-0.83	0.51	-0.10	-0.40	-0.93	6.36	-4.08	2.70	-1.42	0.34	-0.56	3.49
0.57	0.47	-0.53	-0.24	-0.15	0.72	-2.27	-0.06	-0.11	-0.07	-5.05	0.22	-0.46	0.32	-0.48	-3.22
2.62	0.64	0.42	2.10	2.47	-0.43	0.07	-0.02	-0.27	3.41	2.30	-0.10	0.42	0.47	-0.39	-0.83