煤矿外因火灾防治与应急处置技术研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.S1.0015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为预防煤矿外因火灾事故的发生,并在风险失控后实现高效快速的处置,最大程度降低人员伤亡和财产损失,以神东煤炭集团大柳塔煤矿为例,分析大型特大型煤矿外因火灾关键致灾因素,总结灾前防治措施,探索研究应急处置技术。结果表明:长距离带式输送机摩擦起火、高压电缆及设备过热、辅助运输车辆自燃等是大型煤炭企业外因火灾关键致灾因素;可采取风流短路、局部反风、新型风门控风、火区封闭、压风自救等应急处置技术应对煤矿外因火灾;煤矿外因火灾具有普遍多发性、损失严重性和处置困难性,需采取灾前防治与应急处置相结合的综合性治理技术方能保障矿井安全生产。

关键词: 煤矿, 外因火灾, 致灾因素, 防治措施, 应急处置

Abstract:

In order to prevent the occurrence of fire accidents caused by external factors in coal mines, achieve efficient and rapid response after the risk is out of control, and minimize casualties and property losses, the Daliuta coal mine of Shendong Coal Group was used as an example. The key external factors causing fire accidents in large and super-large coal mines were analyzed, and pre-disaster prevention and control measures were summarized. In addition, emergency response technologies were explored. The results show that long-distance tape machine friction ignition, overheating of high-voltage cables and equipment, and spontaneous combustion of auxiliary transportation vehicles are key external factors causing fires in large coal enterprises. Emergency response technologies such as airflow short circuits, local backflow, new air door control, fire zone closure, and compressed air self-rescue can be adopted to deal with fire accidents caused by external factors in coal mines. Fire accidents caused by external factors in coal mines feature common occurrences, serious losses, and difficult responses. Therefore, a comprehensive management technology combining pre-disaster prevention and emergency response is needed to ensure the safety of mine production.

Key words: coal mine, fire accidents caused by external factors, factors causing fires, prevention and control measures, emergency response

中图分类号:

X936

尚国银. 煤矿外因火灾防治与应急处置技术研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(S1): 274-279.

SHANG Guoyin. Research on prevention and emergency response technologies for external factors causing fire in coal mines[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(S1): 274-279.

图/表 5

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区域	存放地点	MF-8干粉灭火器/具	0.2 m³ 砂箱/个
综采工作面	移变列车(油脂存放)	6	3
	输送机机头	2	—
	输送机机尾	2	—
掘进工作面	变电硐室	4	1
	输送机头	2	1
	破碎转载点	2	1
	油脂存放点	2	1
	掘锚机	2	—
	梭车	2	—
	交接班地点	4	—

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