烟雾场景下的人员疏散仿真研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2020.04.014

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 86-92.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2020.04.014

烟雾场景下的人员疏散仿真研究

李昌华教授, 何海彤, 李智杰副教授, 张颉

西安建筑科技大学信息与控制工程学院,陕西西安 710055

收稿日期:2020-01-08 修回日期:2020-03-08 出版日期:2020-04-28
作者简介:李昌华(1963—),男,宁夏银川人,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事数字建筑、图形图像处理、模式识别等方面的研究。E-mail:lch304502@126.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助(61373112,51878536);西安建筑科技大学基础研究基金资助(RC1716);陕西省自然科学基金资助(2020JQ-687)。

Simulation of personal evacuation in smoke scenario

LI Changhua, HE Haitong, LI Zhijie, ZHANG Jie

School of Information and Control Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an Shaanxi 710055, China

Received:2020-01-08 Revised:2020-03-08 Published:2020-04-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对人员疏散时受烟雾扩散实时动态变化影响较大的问题,建立一种改进的元胞自动机模型,用于烟雾场景下的疏散仿真。首先,在动态参数模型基础上提出烟雾场景下疏散人员视野半径的变化规则,以描述烟雾环境变化对人员行为的影响;同时,建立区域从众行为的运动规则;然后,利用该模型对单双出口场景下的人员疏散过程进行数值模拟研究;最后,分析烟雾场景下视野变化、从众行为及出口宽度对于疏散的影响。研究表明:从众行为在部分情况下对疏散作用具有不确定性,引导员的存在可使疏散效率极大提高;视野范围的变化对疏散时间有一定影响,疏散人员数量较少时影响较大;增加出口宽度能够提高疏散效率,但当出口宽度达到一定程度时效果提升不明显。

关键词: 烟雾场景, 元胞自动机, 人员疏散, 视野半径, 从众行为

Abstract: In order to address the problem that people are greatly affected by real-time dynamic changes of smoke diffusion during evacuation, an improved cellular automaton model is developed to simulate personnel evacuation in smoke scenario. Firstly, change rules for evacuees' sight radius were proposed based on a dynamic parameter model to describe influence of smoke environment changes on their behaviors, and meanwhile movement rules of regional herd behaviors were established. Then, numerical simulation research on evacuation process in scenarios of single and double exits were conducted by using the model. Finally, impacts of visual field changes, herd behaviors and width of exits on evacuation in smoke scene were analyzed. The results show that herd behaviors have uncertainty on evacuation in some cases, and presence of guides can greatly improve evacuation efficiency. Changes of visual field have an impact on evacuation time, which is greater when number of evacuees is smaller. Increasing exit width can improve evacuation efficiency, but improvement is not obvious when the width reaches certain degree.

Key words: smoke scenario, cellular automaton, personal evacuation, sight radius, herd behavior

中图分类号:

X928.7

李昌华, 何海彤, 李智杰, 张颉. 烟雾场景下的人员疏散仿真研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2020, 30(4): 86-92.

LI Changhua, HE Haitong, LI Zhijie, ZHANG Jie. Simulation of personal evacuation in smoke scenario[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2020, 30(4): 86-92.

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烟雾场景下的人员疏散仿真研究

Simulation of personal evacuation in smoke scenario

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