水凝胶灭火剂对磷酸铁锂电池组灭火效能研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.01.0083

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探索针对磷酸铁锂电池组热失控行为的高效灭火剂,搭建锂电池燃烧-抑制试验平台,选取27 Ah磷酸铁锂电池组,以300 W外部热源过热诱发电池热失控至起火。在水阻断磷酸铁锂电池热失控行为试验基础上,开展水凝胶灭火剂对磷酸铁锂电池组热失控行为阻断效果试验研究,对比分析锂离子电池组热失控爆发时间、温度变化速率等参数。结果表明:水对锂电池组冷却深度不足且利用率不高,无法有效阻断电池组间热失控传播。水凝胶灭火剂可快速扑灭明火,结束喷放后电池表面温度始终低于热失控临界温度,可有效阻断电池组热失控行为。灭火剂喷放速率越大,阻止电池组热失控传播越明显,大流量的水凝胶灭火剂可完全阻止热失控在电池组单体间传播。

关键词: 水凝胶灭火剂, 磷酸铁锂电池, 灭火效能, 热失控, 降温速率

Abstract:

In order to explore the efficient fire extinguishing agent for the thermal runaway behavior of lithium iron phosphate battery packs, a lithium battery combustion-suppression test platform was built, and a 27 Ah lithium iron phosphate battery pack was selected to induce thermal runaway of the battery to fire with a 300 W external heat source. On the basis of the test of thermal runaway behavior of water blocking lithium iron phosphate battery, the blocking effect of hydrogel fire extinguishing agent on thermal runaway behavior of lithium iron phosphate battery pack was carried out, and the parameters such as thermal runaway burst time and temperature change rate of lithium-ion battery pack were compared and analyzed. The results show that the cooling depth of the lithium battery pack by water is insufficient and the utilization rate is not high, which cannot effectively block the thermal runaway propagation between the battery packs. The hydrogel fire extinguishing agent can quickly extinguish the open flame, and the surface temperature of the battery is always lower than the thermal runaway critical temperature after the end of spraying, which can effectively block the thermal runaway behavior of the battery pack. The greater the spray rate of the fire extinguishing agent, the more obvious the thermal runaway propagation of the battery pack is prevented, and the large flow of hydrogel fire extinguishing agent can completely prevent the thermal runaway propagation between the battery pack monomers.

Key words: hydrogel extinguishing agent, lithium iron phosphate battery, extinguishing efficiency, thermal runaway, cooling rate

张作睿, 张国维, 朱国庆, 李政, 袁狄平, 金常伟. 水凝胶灭火剂对磷酸铁锂电池组灭火效能研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(1): 161-168.

ZHANG Zuorui, ZHANG Guowei, ZHU Guoqing, LI Zheng, YUAN Diping, JIN Changwei. Research on fire-extinguishing performance of hydrogel fire extinguishing agent on lithium iron phosphate battery pack[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(1): 161-168.

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工况	灭火剂	表面温度变化/℃	最大降温速率/ (℃·s^-1)	升温速率/ (℃·s^-1)	结束喷放20 min 后温度/℃	B单体热失控阶段
5	水	82	-7.5	2.5	159	初爆
6	水凝胶	49	-12.5	1.5	126	形变膨胀

工况编号	灭火剂	喷放速率/ (kg·s^-1)	最大降温速率/ (℃·s^-1)	结束喷放时温度/℃	结束喷放20 min 后温度/℃	B单体热失控阶段
5	水	0.05	-7.5	43	159	初爆
7	水	0.1	-11	43	132	形变膨胀
6	水凝胶	0.05	-12.5	21	126	形变膨胀
8	水凝胶	0.1	-18.5	20	60	未发生热失控