中美国防工业安全生产监管体系比较

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2020.10.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为提高我国国防工业安全生产监管水平和绩效,运用比较安全管理学研究范式,对比分析中美2国国防工业安全生产监管体系;构建比较模型,提出比较实施步骤;分析2体系历史发展沿革;比较研究2体系内容,分析其在监管目标、监管机构、监管模式、法制体系结构及特点等方面的异同。结果表明:2体系具有相似的发展沿革,内容存在差异,我国国防工业安全生产监管体系正处于改革关键期,可以借鉴美国国防工业监管组织体系、技术服务体系、监管法制体系、标准规范体系等。

关键词: 中美国防工业, 安全生产, 监管体系, 比较研究, 时间维, 知识维

Abstract: In order to improve safety supervision level and performance of China's national defense industry, comparative analysis was made in supervision system between China and USA by employing research paradigm of comparative safety management. Firstly, a comparative model was constructed and implementation steps were proposed. Secondly, historical development of work safety supervision system of defense industry from two countries was studied. Finally, a comparative study between two systems was conducted by analyzing similarities and differences in terms of regulatory objectives, regulatory agencies, regulatory models, legal system structure and characteristics. The results show that the two systems share similar evolution history though there exist some differences in their contents. China's national defense industry is in a key reform period, and can learn from the US from aspects of supervision organization, technical services, legal institution and systematic standardization.

Key words: China and USA defense industry, work safety, supervision system, comparative study, time dimension, knowledge dimension

中图分类号:

X942

金浩, 潘长城, 陈健, 赵杰超, 郭建华, 王永杰. 中美国防工业安全生产监管体系比较[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2020, 30(10): 12-19.

JIN Hao, PAN Changcheng, CHEN Jian, ZHAO Jiechao, GUO Jianhua, WANG Yongjie. Comparative study on work safety supervision system of defense industry between China and USA[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2020, 30(10): 12-19.

参考文献

[1] 柳长森, 金浩, 陈健. 中外安全生产管控体系比较研究[J]. 科技促进发展, 2016,12(1): 12-19.
LIU Changsen, JIN Hao, CHEN Jian. A comparative study on safety production management and control system between China and foreign countries [J]. Science & Technology for Development, 2016,12(1): 12-19.
[2] 高建明, 魏利军, 吴宗之. 日本安全生产管理及其对我国的启示[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2007,17(3): 105-111.
GAO Jianming, WEI Lijun, WU Zongzhi. Management of work safety in Japan and its enlightenment to China[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2007,17(3): 105-111.
[3] 吴大明. 国外职业安全健康监管机构改革研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2016,12(增1): 231-235.
WU Daming. Study on reform of foreign occupational safety and health agency[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2016,12(S1): 231-235.
[4] 毕雅静, 曾明荣, 张超,等. 发达国家安全生产监察体制的特点及对我国安全生产监管体制创新的启示[J]. 工业安全与环保, 2018,44(10): 33-37.
BI Yajing, ZENG Mingrong, ZHANG Chao, et al. The characteristics of the supervision system of production safety in developed countries and its enlightenment to the innovation of safety production supervision system in China [J]. Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection, 2018,44(10): 33-37.
[5] 丛志明, 樊运晓, 高远. 英国政府安全监管困境分析及借鉴研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2018, 28(10): 147-152.
CONG Zhiming, FAN Yunxiao, GAO Yuan. An analysis of the dilemma of British government's safety supervision [J]. China Safety Science Journals, 2018, 28 (10): 147-152.
[6] 梁娜. 我国地方铁路安全监管存在的问题及对策分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2018,28(增1): 114-116.
LIANG Na. Thoughts on strengthen safety supervision of local railway [J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2018,28(S1): 114-116.
[7] FENG Qun, CHEN Hong. The safety-level gap between China and the US in view of the interaction between coal production and safety management [J]. Safety Science, 2013, 54: 80-86.
[8] 张玉萍. 美国航空运输安全监管体系发展研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2012,8(10): 191-196.
ZHANG Yuping. Study on development of safety oversight system of air transportation in the United States [J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2012,8(10): 191-196.
[9] 张金梅, 高月, 郑雅梅. 美国化学品危险性预测技术的发展及启示[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2019,29(1): 150-154.
ZHANG Jinmei, GAO Yue, ZHENG Yamei. Development of chemicals hazardousness prediction technology in United States and its enlightenment [J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2019,29(1): 150-154.
[10] 聂天琦. 国外铁路交通事故调查现状综述及对我国的启示[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2018,28(增1): 149-154.
NIE Tianqi. Summary of the current situation of railway traffic accident investigation abroad and its enlightenment to China [J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2018,28(S1): 149-154.
[11] 易灿南, 吴超, 廖可兵,等. 比较安全管理学研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2013,23(10): 3-8.
YI Cannan, WU Chao, LIAO Kebing, et al. Research on comparative safety management science[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2013,23(10): 3-8.
[12] 易灿南, 胡鸿, 吴超,等. 安全生产标准化体系与杜邦安全管理体系比较研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2014,24(4): 110-116.
YI Cannan, HU Hong, WU Chao, et al. Comparative study on work safety standardization and DuPont safety management system [J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2014,24(4): 110-116.
[13] 易灿南. 比较安全学构建及其应用实践研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2014.
YI Cannan. Research on the establishment of comparative safety science and its application[D]. Changsha: Central South University,2014.
[14] Department of Defense. Defense production act [L]. 1950-09-08.
[15] 罗敏. 美国国防工业发展历程和特点[J]. 信息化研究, 2010,36(5): 6-12.
LUO Min. Development and features of US defense industry [J]. Information Research, 2010,36(5): 6-12.
[16] Department of Defense. The occupational safety and health act [L], 1970-12-29.
[17] Department of Defense. Development, validation, implementation and enhancement of a voluntary protection programs center of excellence (VPP CX) capability for department of defense (DoD) [EB/OL] 2003-09-01. https://www.albany.marines.mil/Portals/75/Docs/Fundamentals_and_CX_Support%5B1%5D.pdf.
[18] 赵超阳, 李宇华, 王磊,等. 美国国防采办相关组织机构研究[M]. 北京:国防工业出版社,2017: 45-46.
[19] Department of Defense. DoD safety and occupational health (SOH) program [Z], 2018-10-14.
[20] 陈吉. 政府的安全生产监督管理研究[D]. 苏州:苏州大学,2014.
CHEN Ji. Study on the supervision and administration of production safety administration [D]. Suzhou:Soochow University,2014.
[21] 国家国防科技工业局. 国防科技工业安全生产监督管理规定[L]. 2010-09-01.
[22] 国家国防科技工业局. 军工危险化学品安全管理暂行办法[L]. 2017-03-01.
[23] 国家国防科技工业局. 武器装备科研试验安全管理九条规定[L]. 2015-12-23.
[24] 国家国防科技工业局. 国防科工局贯彻落实<中共中央国务院关于推进安全生产领域改革发展的意见>的实施意见[Z]. 2017-12-03.
[25] CFR Chapter. Federal acquisition regulation [L]. 2005-01-03.
[26] United States ARMY. Contract safety handbook [Z]. 2017-04-05.
[27] United States Congress. United States code [L]. 1926-06-30.
[28] United States Congress. Federal employee occupational safety and health [L]. 2017-17-29.
[29] United States Federal Government. Code of federal regulations [L]. 1996-04-01.
[30] 全国人民代表大会常务委员会. 中华人民共和国安全生产法[L]. 2002-06-29.
[31] 全国人民代表大会常务委员会. 中华人民共和国职业病防治法[L]. 2001-10-27.
[32] 全国人民代表大会常务委员会. 中华人民共和国突发事件应对法[L]. 2007-08-30.
[33] 国务院. 安全生产许可证条例[L]. 2004-01-13.
[34] 国务院. 生产安全事故应急条例[L]. 2019-02-17.
[35] 国务院. 武器装备科研生产许可管理条例[L]. 2008-04-01.
[36] 工业和信息化部. 武器装备科研生产许可实施办法[L]. 2010-05-14.
[37] 国家国防科技工业局. 武器装备科研试验安全管理暂行办法[Z]. 2010-11-01.
[38] 安全生产委员会. 国务院安全生产委员会关于加强企业安全生产诚信体系建设的指导意见[Z]. 2014-11-26.