中国安全科学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (9): 60-69.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.09.1064

• 安全社会科学与安全管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于碰撞概率的通航桥梁船撞风险评价指标体系

冯玉涛1,2,3(), 何杨3,4, 邓豪3, 余葵3, 侯云飞3   

  1. 1 重庆大学 土木工程学院,重庆 400045
    2 中铁长江交通设计集团有限公司,重庆 401121
    3 重庆交通大学 交通运输学院,重庆 400074
    4 南部县满福街道办事处,四川 南充 637300
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-12 修回日期:2025-06-20 出版日期:2025-09-28
  • 作者简介:

    冯玉涛 (1979—),男,河南新郑人,博士,教授级高级工程师,主要从事土木水利防灾减灾与安全防护方面的研究。E-mail:

    余葵 教授

  • 基金资助:
    重庆市研究生导师团队建设项目(JDDSTD2022009); 重庆英才计划项目(CQYC201903204)

Risk evaluation index system for ship collision with navigable bridges based on collision probability

FENG Yutao1,2,3(), HE Yang3,4, DENG Hao3, YU Kui3, HOU Yunfei3   

  1. 1 School of Civil Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400045, China
    2 China Railway Changjiang Transport Design Group Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401121, China
    3 School of Traffic & Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
    4 Nanbu County Manfu Subdistrict Office, Nanchong Sichuan 637300, China
  • Received:2025-04-12 Revised:2025-06-20 Published:2025-09-28

摘要:

为提高通航桥梁船桥碰撞风险评估的准确性和可靠性,对国内外248起船桥碰撞事故作统计分析和致因识别,构建包含23个风险致因的船桥碰撞风险因素初始指标体系;在此基础上,基于故障树分析法绘制船桥碰撞风险致因初始故障树,采用布尔代数运算求取故障树割集,通过合并去重最小割集,首次化简初始故障树致因数量;之后根据剩余风险致因引发事故概率的计算分析,结合各风险因素的皮尔逊相关性分析,二次化简故障树致因数量,进而得到影响船桥碰撞的主要风险因素。结果表明:通航状况与超过通航净高、工作状态较差、沟通能力较弱和船员能力不高、船舶设备老化和习惯心理等因素宜分别并入通航状况生疏、缺乏航行技术、机械设备故障和侥幸心理等风险致因中;反常心理在8年事故概率期内未引发事故,且其10年的事故占比仅0.21%,宜剔除;船舶密度、助航设施管理与其他因素的相关性较弱,且2因素导致事故的概率低,可将其从船桥碰撞主要风险因素中去除。由此构建基于气象水文、机械设备故障、专业航行技术弱、紧急应对能力不强等14个主要风险因素的通航桥梁船桥碰撞风险评价指标体系。

关键词: 碰撞概率, 通航桥梁, 船撞风险, 风险因素, 指标体系, 事故样本, 相关性分析

Abstract:

In order to improve the accuracy and reliability of ship-bridge collision risk assessment for navigable bridges, the causes of 248 ship-bridge collision accidents at home and abroad were statistically analyzed and identified, thereby constructing the initial index system of ship-bridge collision risk factors, including 23 risk causes. Based on the fault tree analysis method, the initial fault tree of ship-bridge collision risk was constructed. Boolean algebra operation was used to obtain the fault tree cut sets. By merging and deduplicating the minimum cut sets, the number of causes in the initial fault tree was first simplified. According to the calculation and analysis of the accident probability caused by residual risk causes, combined with Pearson correlation analysis of risk factors, the number of fault tree risk causes was simplified in the second step, and then the main risk factors affecting ship-bridge collisions were identified. The results show that factors such as "navigational conditions and exceeding navigational clearance height", "poor working status", "weak communication ability and poor crew ability", "ship equipment aging and psychological habit" should be incorporated into risk causes including "unfamiliarity with navigational conditions", "lack of navigation technology", "mechanical equipment failure and fluky psychology". Abnormal psychology did not cause accidents during the 8-year period of accident probability analysis, and its proportion in accidents over 10 years was only 0.21%, so it should be eliminated. The correlation between ship density, management of navigational aids and other factors is weak, and the probability caused by the two factors is low, so they can be removed from the main risk factors of ship-bridge collision. Therefore, a ship-bridge collision risk evaluation index system for navigable bridges is constructed, which is based on 14 main risk factors such as meteorological and hydrological conditions, mechanical equipment failure, and weak professional navigation technology and weak emergency response capability.

Key words: collision probability, navigable bridges, risk factors, ship collision risk, index system, accident samples, correlation analysis

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