应急管理诊所教育模式探索

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.11.0704

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为践行新时代总体国家安全观,推动我国应急管理高等教育改革发展和人才培养模式创新,提升应急管理人才实践能力和综合素养,分析诊所教育模式的本质与特点及其在法律高等教育等学科上的应用意义,探究美国应急管理高等教育的有益经验与最佳实践,剖析我国应急管理高等教育目前面临的机遇与挑战,构建教育目标、人才综合能力、以及社会需求相统一的应急管理诊所教育模式。研究结果表明:我国应急管理人才培养进入快速发展机遇期,传统教育模式存在教学与社会需求匹配度低、理论教学大于实践、综合职业素养不足、培养渠道与条件有限等掣肘问题;我国构建应急管理诊所教育模式是可行的、必要的、具有极高价值的;应急管理诊所教育模式与实践能力、跨学科能力、判断决策能力、创新创造能力、综合素养与职业道德等教育目标相适应,同时,满足就业与社会服务等社会价值,能够实现多方共赢;应急管理诊所教育模式可构建校内诊所、校外诊所以及独立诊所3种方式,各方式可设立综合诊所和专业诊所2种类型。

关键词: 应急管理, 高等教育, 诊所教育, 教育模式, 实践体验式教学, 人才培养, 实践能力

Abstract:

In order to practice the holistic approach to national security in the new era, promote the reform of China's emergency management higher education model, and improve the practical ability and comprehensive quality of emergency management personnel, research was made to study the essence and characteristics of the clinical education model, to analyze the application significance of the clinical education model in higher legal education and other disciplines, and to explore the beneficial experience and best practice of emergency management higher education in the United States. Then, by pointing out the opportunities and challenges faced by China's emergency management higher education at present, an emergency management clinic education model that can integrate education objectives, comprehensive ability of talents, and social needs was proposed. The results show that the training of emergency management talents in China has entered a period of rapid development opportunities, and the traditional education model has a problem of constraints. Constructing the emergency management clinic education model in China is feasible, necessary and of great value. The emergency management clinic education mode is compatible with the education goal, which can improve the comprehensive ability and quality of talents, meet employment and social services, and achieve win-win results in many ways. The emergency management clinic education model can be constructed in three ways: on-campus clinics, off-campus clinics, and independent clinics, each of which can establish two types: comprehensive clinics and professional clinics

Key words: emergency management, higher education, clinic education, education mode, practical and experiential teaching, personnel training, practical ability

王兴, 聂百胜, 周小寒, 刘润增. 应急管理诊所教育模式探索[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(11): 16-23.

WANG Xing, NIE Baisheng, ZHOU Xiaohan, LIU Runzeng. Exploration of emergency management clinic education mode[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(11): 16-23.

图/表 1

参考文献 29

[1]	任羽中, 林永兴, 吴旭. 应急管理教育的国际比较及启示[J]. 中共四川省委党校学报, 2021(4):70-76.
[2]	游志斌, 魏晓欣. 美国应急管理体系的特点及启示[J]. 中国应急管理, 2011(12):49-50.
[3]	林永兴, 曹宇, 吴雅文. 中国高校应急管理教育的现状、问题与对策建议[J]. 北京教育:高教, 2021(8):49-51.
[4]	US Department of Education. Action guide for emergency management at institutions of higher education[R], 2009.
[5]	王竹青. 美国诊所式法律教育的演进[J]. 比较法研究, 2012(2):45-55.
[6]	严倩. 美国的法律诊所教育及其对我国的启示:从耶鲁法律诊所诉美国政府案说起[J]. 集美大学学报, 2018, 19(1):70-74.
	YAN Qian. A study of and inspiration from American legal clinical education in the view of Mcnary case[J]. Journal of Jimei University, 2018, 19(1):70-74.
[7]	BOSS J A. Ethics for life[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010: 95-115.
[8]	Harvard Law School (HLS). Clinical programs[EB/OL].(2022-11-25). https://hls.harvard.edu/clinics/.
[9]	严苗. 从法律诊所教育模式视角谈“警务诊所”在公安教育中的运用[J]. 延边教育学院学报, 2021, 35(1):10-12,16.
[10]	HERREID C F. Start with a story: the case study method of teaching college science[M]. Arlington: NSTA Press, 2007: 83-119.
[11]	陆继锋, 曹梦彩. FEMA对美国应急管理教育的贡献与启示[J]. 防灾科技学院学报, 2017, 19(4):45-53.
	LU Jifeng, CAO Mengcai. Contribution and implication of FEMA to America emergency management education[J]. Journal of Institute of Disaster Prevention, 2017, 19(4):45-53.
[12]	Federal Emergency Management Agency. EMI course schedule[EB/OL].(2022-11-26). https://training.fema.gov/hiedu/.
[13]	KNOX C C, HARRIS A S. Evolution of an experiential learning partnership in emergency management higher education[J]. Journal of Emergency Management, 2016, 14(3): 201-211. doi: 10.5055/jem.2016.0286 pmid: 27438962
[14]	Arkansas Tech University. Department of emergency management[EB/OL].[2022-11-26]. https://www.atu.edu/emergencymanagement.
[15]	周小寒, 王兴, 刘润增. 美国社区应急管理经验对我国的启示[J]. 安全, 2022, 43(6):9-14.
	ZHOU Xiaohan, WANG Xing, LIU Runzeng. The enlightenment of American community emergency management experience to China[J]. Safety & Security, 2022, 43(6): 9-14.
[16]	JENSEN J, KIRKPATRICK S. Exploring the job placement of recent emergency management graduates[J]. Journal of Emergency Management, 2020, 18(4):325-339. doi: 10.5055/jem.2020.0477
[17]	KIRKPATRICK S, JENSEN J. Understanding job placement of recent emergency management graduates: an initial test of a theoretical framework[J]. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 2020, 18(2): 177-213. doi: 10.1515/jhsem-2019-0055
[18]	BERGERON W P. Building the bridge between education and experience: the case for experiential learning in emergency management education[J]. Journal of Emergency Management, 2019, 17(3): 177-179. doi: jem.2019.0416 pmid: 31245828
[19]	聂百胜, 林双双, 李祥春, 等. 美国高校本科应急管理人才培养方案[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2021, 40(8):1243-1246.
	NIE Baisheng, LIN Shuangshuang, LI Xiangchun, et al. Emergency management personnel training program in American university[J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2021, 40(8):1243-1246.
[20]	孙科技. 美国应急管理高等教育课程建设与经验[J]. 中国行政管理, 2022(5):144-151.
	SUN Keji. Curriculum construction and experience of emergency management higher education in the United States[J]. Chinese Public Administration, 2022(5):144-151.
[21]	林双双, 聂百胜, 李超, 等. 美国应急管理专业研究生培养体系借鉴[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2022, 18(6):230-236.
	LIN Shuangshuang, NIE Baisheng, LI Chao, et al. Reference to postgraduate training system of emergency management major in USA[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2022, 18(6):230-236.
[22]	戴长征, 毛闰铎. 从安全困境、发展安全到总体国家安全观:当代国家安全理念的变迁与超越[J]. 吉林大学社会科学学报, 2022, 62(6):29-44,231-232.
	DAI Changzheng, MAO Runduo. The evolvement of contemporary national security concepts and beyond: from security dilemma, development security to a holistic approach to national security[J]. Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition, 2022, 62(6):29-44,231-232.
[23]	佟瑞鹏, 王露露, 尘兴邦, 等. 高校安全学科“两线一格”课程思政育人模式探析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(10):1-7. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.10.0614
	TONG Ruipeng, WANG Lulu, CHEN Xingbang, et al. Exploring "two lines and one frame" education mode for curriculum politics of safety discipline in colleges and universities[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(10): 1-7. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.10.0614
[24]	孙于萍, 赵国敏, 高天宝, 等. 我国应急管理人才培养现状研究[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2020, 39(6):872-875.
	SUN Yuping, ZHAO Guomin, GAO Tianbao, et al. Research on the current situation of emergency management talents training in China[J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2020, 39(6):872-875.
[25]	陈昌礼, 赵谢. 我国应急管理类专业人才培养现状与对策[J]. 中国应急救援, 2021(6):10-15.
	CHEN Changli, ZHAO Xie. Status quo and strategy of talent training in emergency management in China[J]. China Emergency Rescue, 2021(6):10-15.
[26]	佟瑞鹏, 赵旭, 王露露, 等. 高校应急管理人才培养模式探究与展望[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2021, 31(7):1-8. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2021.07.001
	TONG Ruipeng, ZHAO Xu, WANG Lulu, et al. Exploration and prospect of training mode of personnel for emergency management in colleges and universities[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2021, 31(7):1-8. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2021.07.001
[27]	鲍芳修. 风险社会视野下大学应急管理教育体系研究[J]. 科教导刊, 2022(15):13-15.
	BAO Fangxiu. Research on college emergency management education system from the perspective of risk society[J]. Higher Education Forum, 2022(15):13-15.
[28]	WEITZEL K W, WALTERS E A, TAYLOR J. Teaching clinical problem solving: a preceptor's guide[J]. American Journal of Health System Pharmacy, 2012, 69 (18):1588-1599. doi: 10.2146/ajhp110521
[29]	DARROW-KLEINHAUS S. Developing professional identity through reflective practice[J]. Touro Law Review, 2012, 28(4): 1443-1460.