中国安全科学学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 56-61.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2018.01.010

• 安全系统学 • 上一篇    下一篇

考虑帮助行为的人员疏散元胞自动机模型

高国平,管昌生 教授   

  1. 武汉理工大学 土木工程与建筑学院,湖北 武汉 430070
  • 收稿日期:2017-10-20 出版日期:2018-01-28 发布日期:2020-09-28
  • 作者简介:高国平 (1985—),男,河南信阳人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为工程信息化、应急疏散安全等。E-mail:jackggp@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家国际科技合作专项(2015DFA90450);湖南省科技计划项目(2015GK3031)。

A helping behavior-considering cellular automaton model for evacuation from a building

GAO Guoping, GUAN Changsheng   

  1. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan Hubei 430070, China
  • Received:2017-10-20 Online:2018-01-28 Published:2020-09-28

摘要: 为研究帮助行为在疏散过程中的作用,模拟疏散过程中人员的帮助行为,建立一种考虑帮助行为的元胞自动机模型,模型中把疏散人员分为提供帮助的年轻人和需要帮助的老年人;通过仿真分析疏散过程中帮助行为在老年人占有比例和位置分布等不同情况下对疏散效率和疏散过程的影响以及人员离开疏散空间的时间特征。研究表明:年轻人的帮助行为可以提高疏散的效率,但是其效果受到帮助的概率、老年人占有比例和位置分布的影响;当老年人占有比例小于80%时,帮助行为的效果较好,且帮助概率越高效果越好;帮助行为在老年人分布整个房间时比老年人只分布在出口附近时对疏散效率的影响更显著;帮助行为在老年人占有比例和位置分布等不同情况下对疏散过程不同阶段影响的不同;帮助行为可以优化人员离开的时间分布。

关键词: 元胞自动机, 帮助行为, 老年人占有比例, 帮助概率, 疏散, 仿真模拟

Abstract: To study the role of helping behavior in evacuation and simulate the helping behavior of evacuees in evacuation process, a cellular automaton model considering helping behavior was built. Simulation of evacuation from a room were carried out. Through the simulations, the influences of helping behavior on the evacuation efficiency and evacuation process were studied, the relationships between the influences and the spatial distribution of the elderly were examined, and the time characteristics of the evacuees leaving the evacuation space were analyzed. The results show that the helping behavior of the young can improve the efficiency of the whole evacuation, but its effect is influenced by the help probability of the young, the proportion and the spatial distribution of the elderly, that when the proportion of the elderly is less than 80%, the effect of helping behavior is good, that when the elderly is distributed in the whole room, the effect of helping behavior is much higher, that the effect is also a function of the stages of the evacuation process, and that the helping behavior can optimize the distribution of evacuees' leaving time.

Key words: cellular automaton, helping behavior, proportion of elderly, help probability, evacuation, simulation

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